Monthly Archives: August 2023

Best hard drives external: The Best Rugged Hard Drives and SSDs for 2023

Опубликовано: August 31, 2023 в 9:35 am

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Категории: Miscellaneous

The Best Rugged Hard Drives and SSDs for 2023

What’s the best way to be sure your external hard drive won’t suffer an early demise due to rough handling? Keep it in a climate-controlled room, wrapped in bubble wrap, resting on a feather pillow, and plugged safely into a stationary desktop PC.

Excellent! But…wait, you can’t do that? Oh, well. Looks like you’re going to need a hard drive designed to withstand the rigors of the real world.

Now, any ordinary external hard drive has some degree of toughness. But there’s everyday tough, and then there’s rugged. “Rugged” comes in many grades, though. Some rugged drives are built to withstand forces that would kill any bare-naked internal drive: strong impacts, water immersion, even fire. Drives designed for more casual abuse are often marketed as “ruggedized,” but that’s an inexact term. It’s also something of a misnomer, as the actual drive mechanism inside the tough shell is usually a normal, off-the-shelf storage component, just like you’d find in any laptop or desktop. What makes a drive rugged is the casing around it, which allows these drives to withstand shock, dousing, and the like. The level of survivability often depends on how much money you want to spend.

In general, how much torture a given drive can take varies according to the nature of its enclosure. Some will let you drive a car over them. Others might be designed to handle just a short fall off a desk, and not much more.

In this guide, we gather up the most impressive models we’ve reviewed, and then walk you through the features most commonly found in rugged drives. If you’re the type of person who’s suffered a drive failure “in the field” before—whether that’s in your office, or climbing Kilimanjaro—these devices should keep you from suffering that pain again.

Deeper Dive: Our Top Tested Picks

ADATA SE800

Best Rugged SSD for General Use

4.5 Outstanding

Bottom Line:

The ADATA SE800 external SSD is everything you want in a shirt-pocket solid-state drive: sleek, tough, affordable, and snappy. It will make an excellent addition to your kit.

PROS

  • Small, light, and fast.
  • Highly durable.
  • Reasonable cost per gigabyte.
  • USB-C and USB-A cables included.

CONS

  • The provided cables are on the short side.

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ADATA SE800 Review

LaCie Rugged SSD Pro

Best Rugged SSD Using Thunderbolt 3

4.5 Outstanding

Bottom Line:

The LaCie Rugged SSD Pro external drive is designed for professional videographers and others who work in the field with Thunderbolt 3-equipped computers (most often Macs). Small, light, and even mailable, it earns the right to add “extremely” in front of “fast and rugged.”

PROS

  • Field-leading speed
  • Also works with USB-C 3.1 Gen 1 and Gen 2 ports
  • Extreme ruggedness against dust, water, drops, crush pressure
  • Five-year warranty

CONS

  • High price per gigabyte
  • Cable is a bit short

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LaCie Rugged SSD Pro Review

SanDisk Professional Pro-G40 SSD

Best Rugged SSD for Mac Users

4. 5 Outstanding

Bottom Line:

The Mac-centric SanDisk Professional Pro-G40 SSD, an external drive with sizzling speeds over a Thunderbolt 3 connection, is built to withstand anything the elements can throw at it. It doesn’t come cheap, but costs less than the nearest comparable drive we’ve reviewed.

PROS

  • Blistering speeds over a Thunderbolt 3 connection
  • Extremely rugged
  • Handsome design
  • Thunderbolt 3 cable included

CONS

  • High cost per gigabyte
  • Tricky to reformat for Windows use
  • Slower over a USB-C connection

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SanDisk Professional Pro-G40 SSD Review

Samsung Portable SSD T7 Shield

Best Rugged and Secure Mainstream SSD

4.0 Excellent

Bottom Line:

Samsung’s Portable SSD T7 Shield is an external solid-state drive that’s impervious to dust, rain, and tumbles. It’s a durable and secure choice for outdoor workers and travelers, if on the slow side compared to non-rugged SSDs.

PROS

  • Provides protection from rain, dust, and drops
  • AES 256-bit hardware-based encryption
  • Offers the raw speed of a USB 3.2 Gen 2 drive
  • Comes in capacities up to 2TB

CONS

  • Relatively short three-year warranty
  • Not the fastest external SSD for everyday storage tasks

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Samsung Portable SSD T7 Shield Review

iStorage DiskAshur M2

Best Rugged SSD for Extreme Data Security

4.0 Excellent

Bottom Line:

The iStorage DiskAshur M2 portable SSD packs a wealth of security features to protect your data—and it’s a proper value, too. It is impervious to the elements, can survive being run over, and costs less than similar security-focused SSDs.

PROS

  • AES-XTS 256-bit full-disk hardware encryption
  • IP68 ruggedness rating
  • Compatible with Windows, macOS, Linux, Chrome, Android, and more
  • Supports an administrator PIN, plus separate user PINs
  • No software to install
  • Aggressively priced for a security-focused SSD

CONS

  • More expensive per gigabyte than standard external SSDs
  • Much slower transfer rates than less-security-minded drives

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iStorage DiskAshur M2 Review

SanDisk Extreme Pro Portable SSD V2

Best Rugged SSD for Athletic Activities

3. 5 Good

Bottom Line:

Geared to content creators, SanDisk’s Extreme Pro Portable SSD V2 offers some of the fastest read and write speeds we’ve seen from an external solid-state drive. But you’ll likely have to buy and install an expansion card on a desktop PC to attain them.

PROS

  • Stellar read and write speeds
  • Five-year warranty
  • Password-protected with 256-bit AES hardware-based encryption
  • Durable

CONS

  • Port that enables drive’s full speed barely exists in the wild
  • 2×2 expansion card will cost extra, and is only an option on desktops

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SanDisk Extreme Pro Portable SSD V2 Review

OWC Envoy Pro EX With USB-C

Best High-Style Rugged SSD

4.0 Excellent

Bottom Line:

If you’re shopping for a fast, Mac-matching external SSD that will look just as good in the boardroom as it will on the side of a mountain, the Envoy Pro EX With USB-C is the drive for you.

PROS

  • Sleek design
  • Aesthetic especially complements Mac laptops
  • Durable chassis design
  • Three-year warranty
  • Strong speed results

CONS

  • Pricey on a cost-per-gigabyte basis
  • Only a USB Type-C-to-C cable in the box, with no C-to-A dongle

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OWC Envoy Pro EX With USB-C Review

ADATA HD710M Pro External Hard Drive

Best Rugged Hard Drive for Budget Buyers

4.0 Excellent

Bottom Line:

Love or hate its camouflage look, the ADATA HD710M Pro external rugged hard drive provides on-par performance and fine durability at a competitive price.

PROS

  • Durable in drop tests.
  • Good dollar-per-gigabyte ratio.
  • Trim enclosure.
  • Lightweight for a ruggedized unit.
  • Cable storage around the edges.

CONS

  • Camouflage exterior may not be for everyone.
  • Plastic housing only.

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ADATA HD710M Pro External Hard Drive Review

LaCie Rugged RAID Shuttle

Best Rugged Portable Hard Drive With RAID Speeds

4.0 Excellent

Bottom Line:

LaCie’s two-drive Rugged RAID Shuttle offers the choice of high capacity and fast performance (in striped mode), or of half the capacity with all data mirrored on the second disk. It’s ideal for anyone who works in the field and produces oodles of data.

PROS

  • Flat, easily mailable chassis.
  • Can set to RAID 0 for higher speed and capacity, or to RAID 1 for drive mirroring.
  • Bundled cables for USB Type-A and Type-C on PC side.

CONS

  • No tab over Type-C connector to protect it from dust and water.
  • High price per gigabyte, due largely to ruggedization and RAID design.

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LaCie Rugged RAID Shuttle Review

SanDisk Professional G-Drive ArmorATD

Best Rugged Hard Drive for Mac Users

4. 0 Excellent

Bottom Line:

The SanDisk Professional G-Drive ArmorATD is an attractive, cost-effective portable hard drive, best for Mac users, that provides some protection from the elements but lacks a software suite and hardware-based encryption.

PROS

  • Rugged enough to protect from the elements, with rubberized sheath and port cover
  • Attractive design
  • Ideal for use with macOS
  • Both USB-C and USB-A cables bundled
  • Competitive pricing

CONS

  • Lacks software suite and hardware-based encryption
  • Requires reformatting for use with Windows

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SanDisk Professional G-Drive ArmorATD Review

Buying Guide: The Best Rugged Hard Drives and SSDs for 2023

Buying a rugged drive involves a lot of the same decision points you’d face with an ordinary external drive. Let’s break them down.

INTERFACE TYPE. The industry has settled on two main interfaces in external portable drives these days: USB 3 of various flavors (very common) and Thunderbolt (much less common). Which one is best for your needs depends on the ports on the computer or computers you are using. Also, these interfaces, in their latest iterations, actually overlap in terms of physical connectivity. We’ll explain that in a moment.

You might be asking: Thunderbolt? Thunderbolt is no longer a specialized connector meant mainly for Mac users, though Mac usage still dominates. The latest iteration, Thunderbolt 3, makes the interface much more mainstream, and a new version, Thunderbolt 4, is emerging of late (though not yet really a factor in external drives). The version of Thunderbolt common from 2013 to a few years ago, Thunderbolt 2, offered four times the theoretical bandwidth of USB 3.0 (20Gbps for Thunderbolt, versus 5Gbps for USB 3.0). But adoption was limited, and on top of that, no single hard drive-based external drive can even begin to approach the limits of either interface. Platter-based hard drives just aren’t fast enough for it to matter much which interface you use.


(Credit: Zlata Ivleva)

If you have a older Mac with an original Thunderbolt or Thunderbolt 2 port and want a Thunderbolt drive to use with it, go ahead and pull the trigger. A few makers of rugged drives, such as LaCie, still offer rugged drives with the legacy Thunderbolt interfaces, but know that those older interfaces are a dead end for future computers. Just make sure the drive and system use matching and compatible versions of Thunderbolt, and don’t assume it’ll be any faster than what USB 3.0 offers.

That said, both of these interfaces are evolving, which leads us to…

USB 3 AND THUNDERBOLT 3 (IT’S A TANGLE). Newer and faster versions of both USB and Thunderbolt have been rolling out in some external drives over the last couple of years. They offer twice the potential bandwidth of previous implementations. But you’ll need ports to match them on your computer, and again, the real-world speed ramifications aren’t as big a deal as they might sound.

On the USB front, the latest interface is called USB 3.2 or USB Type-C, and it first made headlines by appearing in the super-thin 2015 version of the Apple MacBook. It’s now common on new Windows PCs, and a staple in all the latest MacBook Air and Pro laptops (in the case of the Macs, paired with support for Thunderbolt 3 on the same ports). USB Type-C is a slim, oval-shaped port with a cable that you can insert in either of two directions. To complicate matters, though, “USB Type-C” technically refers to the shape of the plug, while USB 3.2 is the spec having to do with the speed over that interface. You’ll find that some ordinary “Type-A” USB ports (the rectangular USB ports we are all used to) in recent-model systems also claim support for USB 3.2. Some late-model external drives that support USB 3.2 come with two cables, one with a Type-A connector at the system end and one with a Type-C.


(Credit: Zlata Ivleva)

Beyond that, USB 3.2 (the speed specification) comes in two primary (and one rare) flavors as of this writing: “Gen 1” and “Gen 2. ” The iteration called “USB 3.2 Gen 2” has a maximum theoretical interface speed of 10Gbps. (Few single external devices can saturate that interface, even most solid-state drives.) “USB 3.2 Gen 1,” on the other hand, is identical in maximum potential speed to USB 3.0. (Confusing, we know.) We won’t complicate matters further with the much rarer, 20Gbps “USB 3.2 Gen 2×2,” which also exists but remains uncommon enough to ignore at the moment. (Only a few high-speed external SSDs use it.)

When you’re dealing with an external platter-based hard drive, it makes little difference which kind you get. To make this matter even more confusing, though, the naming convention for USB 3.2 is relatively new; it was gradually moved to USB 3.2 Gen 1 and USB 3.2 Gen 2 from various flavors of “USB 3.1,” thanks to some (in our opinion) ill-advised branding shenanigans by USB’s governing body. (See our explainer.)

Bottom line, when looking at rugged drives with a USB interface, you just need to be sure your PC or Mac has a physically compatible USB port—that is, can you simply plug it in, and does the drive say it works with PCs, Macs, or both? This physical compatibility is what matters most, as a USB device will dial down to the slower speed of the two elements in play (the host system or the drive).

Muddying matters further, though, is the most common recent version of Thunderbolt, Thunderbolt 3—specifically, in how it is implemented. Thunderbolt 3 uses the same reversible connector as USB Type-C. Also, support for USB 3.2 is baked into Thunderbolt 3. In essence, all Thunderbolt 3 ports are USB Type-C ports, though not all USB Type-C ports support Thunderbolt 3.


(Credit: Zlata Ivleva)

As a result, any new drive with a USB Type-C connector should just work, whether you plug it in to a Thunderbolt 3 port or to a “plain old” USB Type-C connector. (The possible wrinkle is plugging a Thunderbolt 3 drive into a USB Type-C port that doesn’t support Thunderbolt 3; you’ll want to check if the drive maker supports that. In our experience, sometimes it works, sometimes not.)

As mentioned earlier, with hard drives, you won’t see a huge speed benefit from USB 3.2 vs. Thunderbolt 3 vs. plain old USB 3.0. Thunderbolt 3 boasts potential bandwidth up to 40Gbps, but again, your typical external hard drive won’t push data anywhere close to that limit. That said, some newer SSDs employing cutting-edge, hopped-up internal components are starting to make better use of USB 3.2 and Thunderbolt 3 bandwidth. Look for “USB 3.2 Gen 2” branding and peak transfer rates from 1,000MBps to 3,500MBps. These external SSDs are based on the same PCI Express/NVMe internal bits that today’s fastest internal SSDs use; older SSDs tended to top out around 550MBps because they were based on older Serial ATA technology. (For more on the nuances of this speed uptick, see our guide to the best external SSDs.)

ROTATIONAL SPEED. If you’re talking about a rugged platter hard drive, as opposed to an SSD, drive rotation speed matters—a little. It’s the rate at which the physical platters inside the drive spin, and it used to be a significant determining factor in overall performance. But these days, many models spin at a modest 5,400rpm or thereabouts, rather than the 7,200rpm that used to be more common with performance-oriented drives.

In a bigger-picture sense, SSDs (which have no moving parts) have largely made the notion of a “fast” hard drive a bit passe. Even the slowest external SSD is faster than a 7,200rpm hard drive, often several times over, depending on what you’re transferring and measuring.

If you really need extra performance but can’t dole out the bucks for a portable SSD due to cost or capacity concerns, a few 7,200rpm external rugged hard drives are available (the G-Tech G-Drive eV ATC is one), but they are not often clearly advertised as such. In most cases, we wouldn’t make rotational speed a prime factor in a purchase.

EXTERNAL SSD VS. EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE. SSDs are not only taking over the notebook and personal computer market, but they’re also edging into external storage. It’s easy to imagine a future in which all external drives will be solid-state, because the advantages of SSDs over spinning hard drives make them perfect choices for real-world knocks. Not only do SSDs have no moving parts, making them much more durable, but they also make no noise and produce very little heat.

The only problem with SSDs? They are still expensive compared to hard drives of the same capacity. And compared to portable hard drives, the roomiest of which today can store up to 5 terabytes (5TB) per drive mechanism, external SSDs aren’t as spacious. That’s changing, though, as we’ve seen SSDs creeping into the multi-terabyte range—albeit at a hefty price premium. Check out our explainer for more on hard drives versus SSDs.


(Credit: Zlata Ivleva)

Most portable external SSDs aren’t expressly advertised as rugged, though ADATA, LaCie, SanDisk, and a few others do offer such drives, with caps to cover their ports to protect their innards from moisture. But in a general sense, any portable SSD should hold up to drops and being jostled around in a bag better than any traditional portable hard drive. If that’s the extent of the extra protection you’re after, a portable SSD, rugged or not, is enticing, particularly if you don’t need lots of storage space.

REMOVABLE OR FIXED ENCLOSURES. A permanent shell is the most common design among rugged drives, with a sealed chassis around the drive. Materials and design vary, but the exterior for a platter hard drive is typically a hard plastic or rubber, which allows the drive to absorb impact. These enclosures may or may not also provide seals to keep the elements—dust, dirt, and water—out of your drive. (More on that in a moment.) Rugged external SSDs will typically have a metal shell, since shock absorption is less crucial.


(Credit: Zlata Ivleva)

A few drives feature enclosures that are removable, adding another layer of protection between the drive and the casing. These are typically sealed with O-rings all the way around, allowing the drive inside extra moisture protection. In other cases, the removable element might just be a rubber or silicone wrapper around an outer metal or plastic casing.


What Exactly Makes a Drive Rugged? Quantifying Drive Protection

A key spec to seek out for rugged outdoor use is compliance with IP67 or IP68. IP stands for “International Protection” as well as “Ingress Protection,” and the IP spec describes a drive’s level of waterproofing and dust/debris resistance. The related specs are governed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)(Opens in a new window), a nonprofit standards-creation body. We have an in-depth primer on what the various IP levels mean and how to interpret the figures; check out Waterproof? Dust-Resistant? Making Sense of Gadget Ratings, which defines how long a drive can be submerged, and more.

Quantifying the allowable vertical drop resistance is hazier. Most rugged drives, especially SSDs, can handle a fall from your desk and keep on chugging. Standard external platter-based hard drives are less resilient, especially if a drive happens to be running when it took a dive.


(Credit: PCMag)

Since your basic external hard drive has a hard-plastic shell, when an impact occurs, the chassis transfers the shock energy to the hard drive within, possibly causing the read and write heads to crash into the hard drive platters. That is, for certain, A Very Bad Thing. (Modern drives have acceleration sensors, which detect a fall and rapidly “park” the heads in a safe place before impact, but even that’s not foolproof. ) When a drive is encased in a material with more “give,” or with a soft bumper, the enclosure absorbs more of the impact. However, not all enclosures are designed for maximum shock resistance; a rugged drive might have a metal shell, to provide crush protection as well as some safety in case of a drop. As a result, you’re mostly at the mercy of the drive vendor to tell you the rated maximum drop distance for the drive.


So, Which Rugged Drive Should I Buy?

See below for our top picks in rugged drives according to usage case. If you’re looking for a more ordinary external hard drive or a portable SSD, we’ve got best picks for those, as well, at the links.

This story has been produced in partnership with our sister site, Computer Shopper.

Best external hard drives of 2023

As anyone who’s experienced a hard drive failure can tell you, stuff goes wrong and computers aren’t perfect. Which leads us to an eternal truth: Backing up your data is a must. And the best way to do so is with an external drive. Not only do they provide a tangible feel to backups, but they offer additional security and are often cheaper in the long run when compared to cloud services

When it comes to picking an external hard drive, though, there are options on top of options. Simple or stylish? Rugged or exposed? USB-A or USB-C? How much space do I need? How fast are the transfer rates?

To save you from falling down a rabbit hole, we chose seven top-of-the-line external drives to test and spent several weeks backing up data, running apps, conducting photo edits and video exports, and running read/write speed tests. When testing was complete, two external drives made us forget the cloud was ever created:

Editor’s Note: A significant number of users (including Underscored editors) have experienced and complained recently of drive failures with the 2TB and 4TB models of the SanDisk Extreme Pro, our previous upgrade recommendation. While SanDisk/Western Digital has said it is issuing firmware updates to address the issue (and to their credit, the company was quick to replace our failed drive, though we were unable to retrieve the lost data), we’d recommend caution until the update is released, and we have temporarily removed our recommendation for the Extreme Pro.

WD My Passport SSD

Best overall external drive

Amazon

My Passport has enough space to store all your files — packing close to 100,000 photo files, or in our case, two backups of our entire library. All that in a stylish yet rugged package.

$199.99
$69.99 (1 TB) at Amazon

Amazon

Half the battle with getting in the habit of backing up your computer is plugging in the drive and actually doing the task. To that end, we think you’ll be more inclined to keep a drive with a slim build in a fun color out and accessible, rather than stuffed in a drawer and forgotten. The WD My Passport SSD is an easily portable drive and fits in front or back jeans pockets or even a shirt pocket. You can also easily tuck it into a sleeve holding your laptop.

Though a compact beauty, it still handles drops of up to 6. 5 feet, as stated by the manufacturer. In our testing, we dropped it on carpet, wood flooring, fake wood flooring, tile and concrete and noted only faint scratches on the outer shell without any damage to the actual function of the drive.

While the drive did at times peak at the manufacturer’s claimed 1050Mbps for read times and 1000Mbps for write times, speeds of 700Mbps in either direction were more typical. To put that in real terms, we were able to move a 4.5GB HD video file in about 15 seconds and a 6.5GB 4K video in about 30 seconds. Those are speeds you’d normally get on your internal drive. Backup times on Mac and PC were commendable, taking about an hour for a full backup of a 128GB drive via Time Machine. The SSD will give off some heat, and the My Passport SSD does feel noticeably warm during long backup sessions.

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On the 1TB model, we were able to fit more than 250,000 photos onto the drive, more than four times the contents of our nearly-55,000-photo library; on a 512GB model we could hold two backups of our library. A rule of thumb: You want to choose an external drive that’s at least twice the size of the laptop you want to back up. So if you have 256GB internal storage, getting a 512GB drive is ideal for higher capacities of storage, and 512GB internally means a 1TB is the best option.

Not only can you store photos, videos and music libraries on this drive, but real-time changes are pretty seamless. In our testing, we opened a photo off the My Passport SSD in Photoshop, made our edits and saved it back to the drive without issue. Its handling of JPEGs was on par with a Mac’s performance, but RAW and larger file formats caused a bit of a slowdown.

Those files are well protected on the My Passport, as you can password-protect all your data behind 256-bit AES encryption, though that was a standard feature of all the drives we tested.

The drive features a modern port — a USB-C — for faster transfer speeds, a welcome feature, as most laptops now opt for this port. There’s also an included USB-C to USB-C cable in the box, along with a USB-C to USB-A adapter. This way, it still works with older laptops that still feature the classic USB port. The My Passport SSD is plug and play with a PC or Mac out of the box. With a Mac, you use it with Time Machine, Apple’s built-in backup program, or opt to use it as a big drive and just drag files to it. For a PC, you can utilize the preloaded simple backup software, which makes it easy to start backing up your data.

From our testing, the My Passport SSD is the best hard drive for most people and should set you up for many years of backing up files with a fast experience, quality build and space to fit every last shred of data.

With our testing of external drives, we looked at four core categories: performance, design, ports and warranty. As you may have guessed, a lot of our testing was both quantitative and qualitative with a tremendous number of speed tests conducted.

Specifically under the performance category, we performed benchmarks with industry standards like CrystalDiskMark, Black Magic Disk Speed Test and Amorphous Disk Mark — with close attention paid to copying, writing, reading, transferring data, full backups and everyday use.

All of the drives were tested with a number of devices running macOS, Windows, iOS, iPadOS and Android to ensure far-reaching compatibility. With the design category, we looked at the overall build and protection of internal components.

Ports were quite important, as they go hand in hand with the speeds that an external drive can produce and deliver. If a drive opted for a USB-A or USB-C port, we looked to see if an adapter was included at no cost as well. Lastly, we paid close attention to the warranties that were packaged with the drives.

Don’t get us wrong: You can get a very large amount of storage for a relatively affordable price with the standard WD My Passport. Just know that with it, you’re getting a standard hard drive inside that features both moving parts and slower speeds. In our tests, it wasn’t the fastest but did provide a viable solution for backups. It’s an option if you’re absolutely weighing the amount of storage for the least money, but we think you’re better off with the SSD variant.

This drive from SanDisk came up just short of the Extreme Pro Portable SSD, which was our top pick for creatives. Though it offers nearly the same speeds as our top pick, it has a slightly smaller build that lacks some core design elements like the aluminum frame. If you really like the Sandisk name or the black and red color scheme, this could deserve a second look, but for everyone else you’re better off with the Portable Pro or My Passport.

The Sandisk Extreme Pro SSD can hit 2,000Mbps on read and write, faster than nearly every other drive we tested. You can render and save a 6.5GB 4K video file to the Extreme Pro SSD in about 12 seconds. The My Passport, by comparison, took closer to 35 seconds to complete this same transfer. We were also able to do a rapid export of 15 RAW images from Lightroom in about 10 seconds; My Passport accomplished this in about a minute. A USB-C 3.2 port means it is compatible with a wide range of modern laptops and mobile devices, while an IP55 rating means it has good water and dust resistance, and it’s protected from drops up to 6. 5 feet. A significant number of users have complained recently of drive failures with the 2TB and 4TB models and while SanDisk/Western Digital has said it is issuing firmware updates to address the issue, we’d recommend caution until the update is released.

If you want security you can see, Samsung’s newer T7 has a fingerprint sensor locking and unlocking the drive right on the front. It keeps the compact size (akin to a stack of credit cards) of the older T5 and wraps it in aluminum. You’re limited to just black or silver in terms of color, though. It does hit read and write speeds right around 1,000Mbps as well, which is on par with our overall pick. Ultimately, though, the T7 Touch SSD is more expensive than the My Passport SSD, and not everyone needs a fingerprint sensor on an external drive.

The ArmorATD drive from G-Technology has an ultra-rugged design with a rubber shell around an anodized aluminum build. All of this to protect the 2.5-inch hard disk drive inside that stores your data. It’s available in 1TB, 2TB, 4TB and 5TB sizes and features a USB-C port. But speeds for transferring or accessing data are slower at under 150Mbps — much slower than SSDs. When you factor that into the equation, this just doesn’t make sense for the masses. If you don’t mind a standard drive, maybe plugged into a desktop and not on the go with you, this is an excellent solution for daily backups.

Similarly to the G-Tech ArmorATD and My Passport drive, the Seagate Basic is another simple external spinning hard drive that is super affordable. But it’s a slower transfer than SSDs, upward of a few minutes with our 4K file test on this drive, and it has just a one-year warranty.

Seagate’s SSD option features a slim design that’s in a flat rectangle build. Interestingly enough, it has a textile design on the front that is unlike any other drive that we tested. Inside there is a fast SSD, but it’s not as fast as our top picks, with read and write speeds of around 400Mbps, and it’s generally more expensive per GB. That means data transfers and backups took about twice as long on the One Touch SSD in comparison to the My Passport SSD.

which external hard drive is better to choose| Read on Eldoblog

Computers and laptops never have enough memory! A few 4K movies can easily eat up all the free space. But somewhere you need to store backups. Yes, and there is very little space for games on consoles. In general, if 15 years ago we were saved by flash drives, and even DVDs, today we simply cannot do without external hard drives. So, it’s time to figure out how to choose them.

Contents

Criteria for choosing a good external hard drive: how to choose the perfect drive for different tasks
Top best external hard drives in 2022

Oddly enough, choosing an external hard drive is not such a tricky business. But first you need to decide for what purposes the device is being bought. If the external drive will be used as a large flash drive – that is, it will be used to transfer large files from computer to computer – then it is worth taking a closer look at external SSDs. Such disks are characterized by the highest read and write speed, since they have no moving elements – these are large flash drives. But the choice of SSD is a separate big topic.

If the external drive will be used precisely as storage, which is also convenient to take with you, then it is worth stopping at the old proven HDD technology – these are the very “screws” and “hard drives”. Such devices record information on a 2.5-inch magnetic disk, and therefore their speed is physically limited. You should not look at the maximum values ​​indicated by the manufacturer: these are theoretical possibilities under ideal conditions. But in fact, HDDs most often run into 120-150 megabytes per second at a spindle speed of 5400 rpm. There are drives with a speed of 7200 rpm, but usually they use a 3.5-inch drive, and therefore they weigh decently and lose in portability – it’s better not to even think about them.

The vast majority of devices use 2.5-inch drives, and their basic characteristics are plus or minus identical. Even the range of manufacturers is minimal – today only three companies make HDDs: Seagate, Western Digital and Toshiba. Other names can be found among external hard drive manufacturers, but in fact, there will still be a drive from one of these companies inside. So what are the options to choose from?

First of all, you need to make sure that the drive supports USB version 3.0 or higher, so that the already not the highest read and write parameters are not cut off. Then you need to pay attention to the warranty – it is better if the manufacturer gives at least two years. And then you need to look exclusively at the characteristics of the case: design, impact resistance, weight.

The most stringent — Seagate Basic STJL1000400

Price: 4 299 rubles*

View product

This hard drive belongs to the Basic family. And the name says it all: it’s really a simple, basic device. But reliable and functional – after all, we are talking about a hard drive from one of the market leaders.

The actual write speed of the hard disk is up to 130 megabytes per second and 60-90 megabytes per second on average. It heats up and makes a barely noticeable noise. One of the main features of the device is the design, which can be considered both a plus and a minus. The Seagate STJL1000400 hard drive is a simple, unremarkable gray brick made of matte plastic. It does not collect fingerprints, scratches reluctantly and does not catch the eye, and therefore it will look neat everywhere.

The device weighs an average of 390 grams by the standards of portable HDDs. The case is strong, but not shockproof – it’s better not to drop the hard drive after all. The volume of the Seagate STJL1000400 model is 1 terabyte. But there is an option for 2 terabytes – Seagate Basic STJL2000400.

Perfect in price and quality – Seagate OneTouch STKB1000400

one touch. The price of basic devices of this line is slightly higher than that of Basic drives, but the advantages are also significant.

The average hard disk write speed is 60-90 megabytes per second, and the maximum is up to 130. Includes backup and disk maintenance software. A slight buzz during operation is almost imperceptible, but the model can heat up noticeably under prolonged load – up to about 55 degrees. But this does not affect the work in any way, and it is also impossible to get burned at such a temperature. The design is strict, but more noticeable: the body is made of brushed aluminum.

The main feature of the device is its minimal dimensions (11.4×7.8×1.17 cm) and extremely low weight, only 148 grams. This hard drive can even be thrown into a jacket pocket. The main thing is not to drop it: although the case is metal, it is not shockproof. The Seagate STKB1000400 model has 1 terabyte storage and is black in color.

But there are other options:

Seagate One Touch 1TB External Hard Drive

RUB 4,399*

View item

Seagate One Touch 1TB External Hard Drive

RUB 4,399*

View item

Seagate One Touch 2TB External Hard Drive

RUB 6,199*

View item

Fastest – Seagate Expansion STKM1000400

Price: 3 999 rubles*

View product

The Seagate STKM1000400 model belongs to the Expansion family – these are affordable reliable devices with a strict but stylish design. And although they are inferior to other Seagate lines in portability, they are positioned as hard drives that will always be next to your PC.

The strength of this model is its read and write speed. The maximum values ​​reach 140 megabytes per second, and in some go even over 150. The average values ​​fluctuate around 100-120 megabytes – this is a very good result, so the hard drive is suitable for reliable storage and launching movies directly from it in resolution up to 4K. The kit comes with software for creating backups and maintaining the disk. The buzzing during operation of the device is almost inaudible, and the temperature rarely rises above 30 degrees. And the design, despite its severity, attracts attention: the body is made of jet-black plastic with small diagonal corrugations.

Seagate STKM1000400 is a very compact and lightweight hard drive, its weight is 159 grams, in this respect it is almost as good as the model from the One Touch line. It will also fit in a pocket. But the model also has a minus: the case is frankly fragile and can be damaged even if you press it too hard. You need to be careful with this disk. The memory capacity of the Seagate STKM1000400 model is 1 terabyte. But there are other options:

Seagate Expansion 1TB STKN1000400**

RUB 4,199*

View item

Seagate 2TB STKM2000400

RUB 5,399*

View item

Seagate Expansion 2TB STKN2000400**

RUB 6,499*

View item

Seagate Expansion 4TB STKN4000400

RUB 9,999*

View item

** extended 3 year warranty

The most compact – WD Elements SE WDBEPK0010BBK-WESN

Price: 4 299 r. This also applies to the WD Elements SE model, although it belongs to the budget line.

Read and write speed is one of the strengths of this hard drive. The maximum speed reaches 130 megabytes per second, and the average fluctuates around 100, so the drive is suitable for any task. The device works almost silently, and heats up moderately – a little more than 30 degrees, which does not affect the work in any way. And except that the design turned out to be an amateur: a strict black brick, but with glossy edges. It’s nice, but it collects prints and dust very well, and we most often grab the edges.

But best of all, the WD Elements SE is compact and lightweight. This particular model weighs only 130 grams. But, of course, you have to pay for the diminutiveness – the reliability of the case is low, it is not ready for falls. The WD Elements SE WDBEPK0010BBK-WESN model has 1 terabyte of memory. But there are other options:

WD Elements SE 2TB WDBEPK0020BBK-WESN

RUB 6,999*

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WD Elements SE 4TB WDBJRT0040BBK-WESN

RUB 9,999*

View item

Gold Standard — WD My Passport WDBYVG0010BBK-WESN

Price: $46. 99*

View Product

Western Digital’s My Passport portable hard drives are the gold standard among external hard drives. The models of this line have earned such popularity that if you are too lazy to choose, you just need to grab them and not worry.

The speed of the disk is not record-breaking, but decent. The maximum values ​​are at the level of 130 megabytes per second, and the averages are 80–90. The noise is barely noticeable, and the operating temperature is around 30 degrees. Included is software for creating backups, checking the hard drive and protecting it with a password. But the main thing in the case of My Passport is design. The device is divided into two halves diagonally – one part is completely smooth, and the other is decorated with deep diagonal grooves. It looks very stylish – you want to carry such a disk with you as an accessory, which is what a popular manufacturer strives for. The

WD My Passport is tiny and very light at 120 grams which is very light (which is a good thing). But it’s better not to even think about impact resistance: the disk will not withstand an encounter with asphalt, and hardly even with a home laminate. The WD My Passport WDBYVG0010BBK-WESN model has 1 terabyte of memory. But there are other options:

WD My Passport 2TB WDBYVG0020BBK-WESN

RUB 5,799*

View item

WD My Passport 4TB WDBPKJ0040BBK-WESN

RUB 8,999*

View item

WD My Passport 5TB WDBPKJ0050BBK-WESN

RUB 10,499*

View item

Most elegant – Toshiba Canvio Ready HDTP310EK3AA

Price: 4 499 rubles*

View item

Toshiba designers are especially good at combining conciseness and style. This plastic brick with chamfers and a one-third glossy insert is simple, but for some reason it is pleasant to look at. But there is also an expected minus: the glossy part quickly collects prints, dust and scratches. And even if the disk is not touched at all: this is the magical property of any glossy plastic.

But this HDD is good not only for its design – its speed is also decent. On average, he gives out 80-90 megabytes per second, and at the peak it reaches 130. It does not make noise and almost does not heat up – however, like most modern HDDs. The device weighs 149 grams, so it has no problems with portability. But with the shock resistance of the disk, everything is difficult, but an anti-shock sensor is built into the case, which, in the event of a device falling, stops all operations with files and prevents their loss. Already something!

Toshiba Canvio Ready HDTP310EK3AA has 1 terabyte of memory. But there is also an option for 2 terabytes – Toshiba Canvio Ready HDTP320EK3AA.

The most secure — ADATA HD680 AHD680-1TU31-CBK

Price: 4 399 rubles*

View product

We wrote above about all models of external hard drives that it is better not to drop them. The point is not only in fragile cases, but also in the HDD device itself. Due to moving mechanical parts, they are extremely susceptible to damage, especially during operation. In the event of a fall, “hard drives” can simply lose all the data recorded on them, so much so that you cannot restore it in the service.

But the ADATA HD680 hard drive is not afraid of falls – within reasonable limits, of course! Thanks to the shockproof plastic and silicone case, it can be safely dropped from a height of up to 1.22 meters onto any surface – it will survive the flight from the table for sure. Shock sensors that stop the device in the event of a fall are also in place. And if this is not enough for you, the device is not afraid of dust and can survive underwater at a depth of up to one meter for 30 minutes. An ideal hiking option, in every sense. And the manufacturer is confident in it, since it gives a whole three-year warranty.

But also just how the ADATA HD680 hard drive performs flawlessly, delivering an average speed of 70-90 megabytes per second, and rising to 120 at the peak. Included is software for smart data backup and disk protection using encryption. The ADATA HD680 can warm up to 50 degrees during operation, but it does not start to hang because of this. But the noise from its massive body is barely distinguishable. The weight of the hard drive, given the degree of its security, is acceptable – 270 grams. Of the pleasant little things – a groove on the surface of the case for storing the connection cable: it will always be at hand and definitely not lost.

AHD680-1TU31-CBK has 1 terabyte of memory. But there is also an option for 2 terabytes – ADATA HD680 AHD680-2TU31-CBK.

View all external hard drives and choose yours

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7 best external hard drives of 2022 | Articles | Photo, video, optics

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Fast, lightweight, with plenty of storage is a list of seven external hard drives that will ease the tedious process of backing up files.

Samsung T7 Touch Portable SSD

Samsung T5 Portable SSD 1TB

This little thing is a portable solid state drive (SSD) that uses USB 3.1 Gen 2 to provide transfer speeds up to 540MB/s, which is almost five times faster than external hard drives (HDDs). The Samsung T5 is solid yet weighs around 51g and is 58mm thick. You can choose between 1TB or 2TB storage and one of four colors.

WD My Book 4TB External Hard Drive

The WD My Book is a powerful and affordable external hard drive. It works best when paired with a desktop computer and can create full backups for both Windows and Apple systems. Hard disk capacity – 4 TB. Hardware encryption and security software protects your data. WD My Book also offers storage options up to 10TB.

SanDisk Extreme Portable 2TB

The SanDisk Extreme Portable SSD is great for backing up files on the go. Pocket-sized and resistant to dust, water and drops – ideal for travelers. SanDisk uses a USB 3.1 Type-C connector with other cable adapters so you can connect to just about anything.

G-Technology G-Drive Mobile Pro 1TB

If you want to edit photos or videos and work with an external hard drive, G-Technology G-Drive Mobile Pro is for you. The drive uses a Thunderbolt 3 connection for data transfer rates up to 2800MB/s. You can easily edit 8K footage and write thousands of lines of code directly from G-Drive Mobile Pro. It also features drop protection up to three meters and high impact resistance.

LaCie Rugged Mini 5TB

This hard drive has been a trusted friend to authors for many years and still gets rave reviews. The Rugged Mini uses USB 3.0 for data transfer at about 130MB/s, so it’s not the fastest, but it’s affordable, durable, lightweight, and offers plenty of storage.

Seagate Expansion 14TB Hard Drive

This is a great hard drive option for desktop PCs. It provides users with 14TB of storage at an affordable price. The drive is ideal for authors who spend most of their time in Photoshop and video editing and need a hard drive where they can store their projects.

Samsung T7 Touch Portable SSD 1TB

The Samsung T7 Touch won the CES 2020 Innovation Award, and for good reason. The portable SSD has a fingerprint scanner to unlock the device and an LED ring to indicate that a backup is in progress. It also uses USB 3.2 to provide read speeds up to 1050MB/s and write speeds up to 1000MB/s.

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Window unit air and heat conditions: Best Window Air Conditioners That Both Cool and Heat – HVAC How To

Опубликовано: August 31, 2023 в 9:35 am

Автор:

Категории: Miscellaneous

Best Window Air Conditioners That Both Cool and Heat – HVAC How To

Window air conditioning units are mainly known for cooling, but there are some models that both cool and heat.

These types of units can be very beneficial since they are easy to install and can cool in the summer and heat in the winter.

Window-mounted air conditioning units that both heats and cool come in two styles.

Types of Window Air Conditioners That Heat

  • Heat Pump
  • Supplemental Heat

A Heat Pumps works by cycling refrigerant the same as when cooling but reversed to produce heat when needed.

Heat pump are very efficient and cost less to operate but cost more since a reversing valve must be installed along with other components.

Supplemental heat is a unit that has heat strips installed. Heat Strips work on the same principle as a space heater, using elements that become hot in combination with a fan that blows out hot air.

Each of these types of systems has its positives and negatives.

Heat Pump vs. Supplemental Heat

  • Heat Pumps are more efficient and use less electricity but cost more to buy than a unit with supplemental heat.
  • Supplemental heat units cost less to buy but use more electricity and cost more to operate.

Since units that use heating elements to heat a room like a space heater, they are often installed simply to free up space with no other real benefit.

Each type of unit has its own benefit that needs to match the scenario.

There are many units available, with those listed below some of our picks.

As always, be sure to read the reviews on Amazon or elsewhere to be sure it is a good fit for your home.

*This post contains affiliate links.

Our Picks for Best Window Air Conditioners That Heat and Cool

  1. LG LW1216HR
  2. Available Here on Amazon

    Available Here on eBay

    The LG LW1216HR is a unit that both cools and has supplemental heating.

    It is a 115-Volt window unit that is rated to heat and cool a space up to 320 sq. ft.

    Since it uses supplemental heating when it is cold out, the unit will work like a space heater mounted in a window.
     

  3. Koldfront WAC12001W
  4. Available Here on Amazon

    Available Here on eBay

    The Koldfront WAC12001W uses 220-volts to operate, which supplies more heating and cooling compared to many other units.

    It uses supplemental heating and is rated at 12,000 BTUs for a room 450-550 sq. ft. in size.

    220-volts is not common in every room and is usually only used by a dryer or electric stove.

    If this unit is used, be sure to have a 220-volt outlet for it to operate.

  5. Frigidaire FFRH0822R1
  6. Available Here on Amazon

    Available Here on eBay

    The Frigidaire FFRH0822R1 has supplemental heat that uses 230-volts to run.

    It is rated at 8,000 BTU, which can cool or heat a space up to 350 sq. ft.

    Frigidaire manufacturers many good units that work well and last many years.

  7. Cooper & Hunter PTAC 12,000 BTU Heat Pump
  8. Available Here on Amazon

    Available Here on eBay

    The Cooper & Hunter PTAC is a heat pump unit that both heats and cools.

    Heat pumps are ideal for long-term usage since they cost less to operate compared to heat strip-style units.

    The downside is it costs more than a supplemental heating unit.

    It also uses 230-volts and will need an outlet near its location.

    12,000 BTU is rated to cool and heat a space of roughly 450 to 550 Sq Ft.

Summary
If you have ever asked, Is there a window air conditioner that also heats?

Yes, there are window air conditioner units that both heat and cool.

Buying a Window mounted air conditioning unit that heats and cools a room comes down to the type of heating you want the unit to do.

Electric heat works great but can be more costly in the long term.

Heat Pump units, while more efficient, can be more costly to buy upfront.

The installation will be the same with whatever type of unit is bought, first by making sure the wall outlet is the correct voltage type, and then the window dimensions are correct for the unit to fit.

For a more long-term solution, Heat pump units called mini split systems can be installed for better long-term solutions. Mini split units separate the condenser and compressor with a line that recycles the refrigerant away from home.

This makes them much quieter and better built than a packaged window unit.

Since mini split units are also Heat Pumps, they can heat or cool a space very well. Of course, the cost of a mini split is much greater than a window unit, and installation is much harder.

AC Window Unit Pros, Cons And More – Forbes Home

If you live in a house without central air conditioning, summers can be absolutely brutal. Chances are, you’ve considered getting a window AC unit. But diving into the world of window units can be challenging. How much energy will a window unit take to run? What are the pros and cons of having a window AC unit? This article will help you decide whether or not a window AC unit is right for you.

What Are Window AC Units?

Window AC units are a small type of air conditioner that can be placed in the frame of a window. The unit works by drawing hot air out of a room and blowing cold air in. The part of the unit that releases hot air sits outside your home, while the fan is on the inside.

Window units typically can’t cool an entire home, unless it’s very small. However, they are perfect for cooling a single room. They can even be used in conjunction with a central AC unit if you live in a very hot climate or if a particular room in your house gets warmer than others.

Pros of Window AC Units

There are obvious pros to having a window AC unit, but here are a few you may not have considered.

Highly Effective for Small Spaces

Window units work very well to cool small spaces, such as a single room. The more square footage you need to cool, the more powerful you’ll want your unit to be.

Water Drains Outside

In some portable AC units, you have to empty a water tray, as water droplets form inside the unit as it cools the air. With a window unit, however, the water drains from the part of the unit resting outside of the window, so you never have to worry about leaks.

Easy to Find

You can find a new window unit at any hardware store near you, particularly at the height of summer. And because AC units are so ubiquitous, it’s easy to find used ones in perfectly good condition.

Inexpensive to Run

Not only are window AC units fairly affordable for the average consumer, they don’t cost very much to run. Especially compared to a central AC unit, window units don’t use very much electricity. A window AC requires on average 500 to 1,440 watts to run, while a central unit uses upwards of 3,500 watts.

If you only need to cool a small space, window ACs are much more cost effective than central AC units. If you’re cooling more than five rooms, however, central air conditioning is your best bet.

Low Maintenance

Aside from cleaning the filter and coils once a year, there’s very little maintenance you’ll need to do on a window AC unit. Additionally, any issues with the unit will be much cheaper to fix than a central AC unit.

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Cons of Window AC Units

No matter how useful something is, it will always have its downsides. Here are a few cons to owning a window AC unit.

Chance of Falling

Window AC units can be scary because half of the unit rests outside of the window. They’re fairly heavy, so it’s important to secure them well. Fortunately, there are support brackets available for window units. Make sure you have help installing your unit in the window, especially if you’re on the second floor.

Security Risk

If you live on the first floor, a window AC unit can make it easier for someone to access your home through the window. It’s important to make sure your dwelling is secured from the outside. Put extra measures in place to increase security.

Visually Unappealing

If you have a beautiful view out of your window, placing a window AC unit can obstruct it. Place your unit in a window with a view you don’t mind blocking.

Can’t Control Where the Water Drains

The water from the unit may drain outdoors in an inconvenient place. It’s difficult to control where the water drains, so consider this factor before you purchase a window unit.

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Is a Window AC Unit Right for You?

If you live in a space without air conditioning, or only need to cool a small portion of your home, a window AC unit could be the perfect option for you. It will be able to keep your dwelling cool in the hottest months of summer, without costing you an arm and a leg.

The most difficult part will be installing the unit in the window every summer, so make sure you have assistance by either a friend or a professional air conditioner installation service. All in all, window AC units are a practical choice for most people.

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Air-thermal regime in educational institutions. Airing and ventilation

Autumn is the time of transition to the cold season, when contacts between healthy and sick people increase sharply. The most vulnerable to pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections (hereinafter referred to as ARVI) are children, especially those who attend children’s educational organizations. The cause of vulnerability is often the protracted adaptation of the body to new conditions, as well as the increased likelihood of contact with the source of the causative agent of a viral infection. This source can be not only a sick person with severe clinical manifestations, but also a carrier of a viral infection, in which the disease is asymptomatic.
The air-thermal regime in classrooms plays an important role in maintaining the health of children during the training period, as well as in the prevention of SARS and influenza.
SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions” (with amendments and additions) regulate that the building must be equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, these systems must comply with the standards for the design and construction of residential and public buildings and ensure optimal parameters of the microclimate and air environment.
The air temperature in classrooms and offices should be + 18-24ºС, in the gym + 17-20ºС, in the medical office + 20-22ºС, etc. To control the temperature regime, classrooms and classrooms must be provided with household thermometers.
During off-hours, in the absence of children in the premises of a general educational organization, a temperature of at least +15 ºС must be maintained.
Relative air humidity in rooms where children stay is standardized within 40-60%, air speed – no more than 0.1 m / s.
All premises of the organization must be ventilated daily through transoms or vents, which must function at any time of the year.
When replacing window units, the glazing area must be maintained or increased. The plane of opening of windows should provide a mode of ventilation. Glazing of windows is made of solid fiberglass. Broken glass must be replaced immediately.
The classrooms are ventilated during breaks, while the recreation areas are ventilated during lessons. Before the start of classes and after their completion, it is necessary to carry out through ventilation of the classrooms. The duration of ventilation depends on the outdoor temperature, wind direction, and the efficiency of the heating system.
Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for classrooms and classrooms, assembly halls, swimming pools, a canteen, a medical center, sanitary facilities, rooms for processing and storing cleaning equipment.
Inspection of the technical condition of ventilation is carried out by specialized organizations two years after the building is put into operation. In the future, such a survey is carried out at least once every 10 years. When examining the technical condition of ventilation, it is necessary to carry out instrumental measurements of microclimate parameters (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity), as well as measurements of air exhaust volumes.
Remember that children’s health largely depends on how well organized their day regimen is, including the ventilation of the premises and an efficient ventilation system, especially during the growing incidence of SARS and influenza.

Air-thermal regime of the premises of the house | Mensh.ru

Published by peter
– Tue, 02/21/2012 – 10:23

Engineering systems

The air-thermal regime in the premises is one of the main factors determining the comfort level of a residential building. An unsatisfactory microclimate can make it uninhabitable.
Optimization of the air-thermal regime requires the maximum reduction in the amount of overflowing air.
Air overflow is one of the reasons that reduce the efficiency of the ventilation system and lead to an unsatisfactory air condition in the house. With this in mind, the construction part of the project of a residential building should provide for planning, design and technological solutions that minimize the possibility of air flowing through the entrance doors, the junction of enclosing structures, the passage of engineering communications through them, etc.
As the experience of operating modern residential buildings of mass construction shows, one of the most common causes of underheating of premises with the calculated heat transfer of the heating system is the actual underestimation of the resistance to air penetration of window filling against the regulated SNiP II-3-79** for the design of windows provided for by the project. This underestimation takes place due to the poor quality of manufacturing of window blocks, poor-quality sealing of window blocks into the window opening, the absence of gaskets sealing the porch or their non-compliance with the design, etc.
The dimensions of the light openings determine not only the calculated heat loss of the premises, but also the heat in them due to negative radiation and falling cold air flows in the winter period and overheating in the summer. Therefore, one should strive for the minimum allowable dimensions of the light openings of the western, northern and eastern facades of the house from natural light conditions.
It is highly desirable to combine exhaust ventilation ducts into one unit, because the presence of several channels far from each other significantly reduces the reliability and efficiency of the natural exhaust ventilation system. Exhaust ventilation ducts should be provided above the roof level.
The adjoining of sanitary facilities and ventilation units to external walls makes it difficult to ensure a satisfactory humidity regime in sanitary facilities and requires special solutions to increase the temperature of their enclosures.
Planning solutions for houses in terms of organizing ventilation should mainly be aimed at eliminating horizontal air ducts, ensuring direct air flow from the kitchen, bathroom and toilet directly into the ventilation unit, providing access to ventilation units during installation, as well as for revision and sealing of joints during operation.
The use of kitchen niches with mechanical exhaust ventilation is allowed only in residential buildings equipped with a mechanical exhaust.

Buy printer hp: Laserjet Printer, Order Today| HP® Official Store

Опубликовано: August 31, 2023 в 9:29 am

Автор:

Категории: Miscellaneous

Best HP Printers Of 2023

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Best HP printers
(Image credit: Peter Hoffmann)

The best HP printers have been around since the company built its first desktop laser printer in 1984, known as the LaserJet. As one of the biggest names for printers, the company produces some of the best printers on the market.

No one model is necessarily the best for HP printers because they come in such a broad range. So, all sorts of users, from photographers, business owners, and home users, can find the most suitable printer for them.

The downside of HP having such a large range of options is that it can be tough figuring out which one is right for you and which feature you might need, whether it’s copying, scanning, wireless compatibility, or voice control. Luckily, we’re here to set you on the right path with our recommendations for the best HP printer, which includes some budget printers.  

  • Also check out our guide to the best all-in-one printers

The best HP printers of 2023 in full

The best HP printers in full

Why you can trust TechRadar
We spend hours testing every product or service we review, so you can be sure you’re buying the best. Find out more about how we test.

HP Neverstop Laser MFP 1202nw (Image credit: HP)

1. HP Neverstop Laser MFP 1202nw

First laser printer with refillable toner tanks

Specifications

Category: All-in-one mono laser printer

Print speed: 20ppm

Paper sizes: up to A4

Paper capacity: 250 sheets

Size: 15 x 20.5 x 15.2in / 381 x 521 x 385mm

Weight: 19.4lb / 8.8kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Low running cost

+

Plenty of toner in the box

Reasons to avoid

No auto duplex

Slow for a laser

The HP Neverstop Laser MFP 1202nw is the first printer to employ a refillable toner tank instead of a disposable cartridge. It’s a win for both the environment and your print budget, which could cost as much as 60% less than regular toner cartridges. 

This inexpensive all-in-one lacks an auto-duplex mode, but it is hard to beat the total cost of ownership for basic monochrome printing and copying duties. There’s enough black toner in the box for 5,000 pages, and refueling is as simple as injecting the toner from a syringe-type canister into the printer.

This all-in-one device also has a flatbed scanner for photocopying A4 pages and offers Wi-Fi connectivity. The LCD panel is quite small, but you mostly won’t need it if you use the companion app, HP Smart. 

Read the full review: HP Neverstop Laser MFP 1202nw

HP OfficeJet Pro 9025 (Image credit: HP)

2. HP OfficeJet Pro 9025

An HP printer that’s excellent all-round

Specifications

Category: All-in-one inkjet color printer

Print speed: 39ppm

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 500 pages

Size: 12. 5 x 17.2 x 26.4in / 317.5 x 444.5 x 670.6mm

Weight: 26.4lb / 12kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Fast at printing and scanning

+

Apps work well

Reasons to avoid

Small display

No NFC

An excellent all-rounder, this all-in-one is more expensive than the competition, but you pay for what you get. It offers an exhaustive list of features such as a large automatic document feeder (ADF) tray, fast printing speeds, and large paper handling capacity – plus it’s HP Instant Ink compatible. 

It sports a boxy two-tone design that’s professional-looking without being boring, but be aware that it will be slightly too big to fit on some desks comfortably. It’s compatible with many cloud-based mobile apps, so you won’t have to rely on its small LCD display for many functions.

This printer has sharp edges and a monolithic, white/dark gray design. According to HP, the new design saves 39% more space than the predecessor.  

Read the full review: HP OfficeJet Pro 9025 all-in-one inkjet printer

HP Officejet 250 (Image credit: HP)

3. HP Officejet 250 All-In-One Portable Printer with Wireless & Mobile Printing (CZ992A)

A portable HP printer

Specifications

Category: Portable color inkjet printer

Print speed: 10ppm

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 50 sheets

Size: 14.96 x 7.8 x 3.6in / 380 x 198 x 91.4mm

Weight: 6.5lb / 2.95kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Portable size

+

Great print quality

Reasons to avoid

No USB port

Expensive ink

Portable printing is now an option thanks to the All-in-One 250, which crams printing, scanning, and copying into a machine small enough to fit into a suitcase or backpack. It’s not so light that you won’t notice it, though, weighing around the same as 1.5 13-inch MacBook Pros. 

On the plus side, this HP model offers surprisingly sharp print quality for such a small package, alongside features such as manual duplex printing, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, and USB connectivity. There’s also a 10-sheet ADF, a 50-sheet input tray, and a rechargeable battery for true portability.

The printer’s output quality is slightly above average for text, photos, and graphics. The text prints may not be good if you use super tiny fonts. Nonetheless, this is an incredibly useful printer for users on the road who often need a portable printer and scanner.

HP Smart Tank Plus 555 (Image credit: HP)

4. HP Smart Tank Plus 555

HP printer with refillable tanks and enough ink for three years

Specifications

Category: color inkjet printer

Print speed: 11ppm

Paper sizes: A4

Paper capacity: 100 sheets

Size: 17.6 x 14.7 x 6.2in / 447 x 373 x 158mm

Weight: 11.3lb / 5.14kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Cheap to run

+

3 yrs of ink included

Reasons to avoid

No Auto Duplex  

Small display  

HP’s latest cartridge-free inkjet printer smashes the per-page cost of color printing and includes enough bottled ink in the box for 12,000 black pages or up to 8,000 colors. Sadly, this is HP’s entry-level model in the Smart Tank line, and it lacks an auto-duplex mode. 

However, it offers dual-band Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE, making it easy to use the helpful iOS/Android companion app (HP Smart) to set up the printer and operate it wirelessly from your smartphone. It’s also compatible with Apple AirPrint, Google Cloud Print 2.0, and Android printing. 

It prints surprisingly quickly at 11ppm (pages per minute) in mono or 22ppm in draft mode and can handle almost any printable media up to A4 in size.

This printer can print up to 800 pages monthly, so it’s suitable for small team sizes.

HP Envy Pro 6420  (Image credit: HP)

5. HP Envy Pro 6420

Feature-packed inkjet is ideal for home users

Specifications

Category: All-in-one color inkjet printer

Print speed: 10ppm (mono)

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 100 sheets

Size: 17 x 20 x 7.6in / 432.5 x 511.5 x 194mm

Weight: 13.6lb / 6. 16kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Space saving design

+

Strong wireless connectivity

Reasons to avoid

Slow print speed

Wasteful tri-color cartridge

The HP Envy Pro 6420 is a compact and inexpensive inkjet with all the features you could ask for from a home office printer. It can print, scan, copy, and even fax (via your smartphone). The print speed is slow but steady, and it can duplex print and photocopy a stack of up to 35 pages with its inbuilt ADF (automatic document scanner). 

The HP Envy Pro 6420 prints quietly, and instead of beeping continuously when the printing is done, it plays a gentle notification sound. Instead of an Ethernet port, you have Bluetooth and self-healing Wi-Fi, making mobile printing via HP’s iOS/Android app particularly easy. Having just two ink cartridges (one for color, one for black) is convenient but might not be cost-effective if you use one particular color more heavily.

Read the full review: HP Envy Pro 6420

HP LaserJet Pro M227fdw (Image credit: HP)

6.

HP LaserJet Pro MFP M227fdw Laser Multifunction Printer

HP printer with attractively low running costs

Specifications

Category: Multifunction mono laser printer

Print speed: 30ppm

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 250 sheets

Size: 12.2 x 16 x 16in / 310 x 406 x 406mm

Weight: 20lb / 9.1kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Amazingly sharp print quality

+

Smooth operation and quality printing

Reasons to avoid

Toner cartridges last a long time

Only prints mono

Printing, scanning, copying, and even faxing – the M227fdw does it all (just as long as it’s in black and white). This mono printer is a great fit for offices thanks to its large paper draw and fast print speed, which churns out copy at a clip. 

It sports Wi-Fi connectivity (though not NFC), an ethernet port, and compatibility with cloud apps for mobile printing, alongside a USB drive for printing from thumbsticks. HP reckons you’ll get 30,000 pages from a single high-yield toner cartridge, making it an economical option in the long run.

This printer has a consistently crisp print quality, a useful 35-sheet automatic document feeder, and automated photocopying skills. This is a mono machine, and although it’s not the fastest laser on the block, it’s faster than any inkjet and offers an attractive blend of features and performance.  

Read the full review: HP LaserJet Pro MFP M227fdw

HP DeskJet 3755 (Image credit: Future)

7. HP OfficeJet Pro 9015e

Best HP inkjet for the home office

Specifications

Category: 4-in-1 color inkjet printer

Print speed: 22ppm (mono)

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 250 sheets

Size: 17.28 x 10.95 x 13.50 in / 439 x 278 x 343 mm

Weight: 20.47lb / 9.29kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Fast printing

+

Auto duplex print and scan

+

HP+ eligible

Reasons to avoid

Slow duplex mode

No multipurpose tray

For those looking to purchase a new printer for their home, consider the HP OfficeJet 9010e/9015e inkjet printer. With sharp looks, quick printing, and 4-in-1 capabilities, this printer will make itself right at home in your home.

We found the printer easy to set up and operate and provided crisply printed pages. However, if you intend to use this for printing photos, we found the image quality and detail lacking compared to other options.

Being able to print and scan double-sided paper is a big win, and with an affordable price point, HP+ ink subscription, and easy-to-use controls, we think this will fit right in at your home or office.

Read the full review: HP OfficeJet Pro 9015e/9010e (US/UK)

HP Color LaserJet Pro M283fdw (Image credit: HP)

8. HP Color LaserJet Pro M283fdw

Feature-rich 4-in1 HP printer is a real all-rounder

Specifications

Category: All-in-one color laser printer

Print speed: 22ppm

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 250 + 50 sheets

Size: 3.58 x 14.8 x 6. 9in / 91 x 375.9 x 175mm

Weight: 6.6lb / 3kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Very well featured

+

No duplex scan

Reasons to avoid

Somewhat expensive

Limited paper capacity

The HP Color LaserJet Pro M283fdw is a mid-priced multifunction laser printer that is so well-featured that it could fit into almost any small to the medium-sized office and live up to expectations. It is compact, with the scope to add further paper trays as required, and it prints quickly at 22 pages per minute for either color or monochrome documents. 

There’s an automatic document scanner for copying up to 50 pages, fax, Wi-Fi, and Wi-Fi Direct. It is compatible with Google Cloud Print and Apple AirPrint, and there’s a USB port at the front for walk-up printing from or scanning to a thumb drive. In short, it can do everything (except duplex scan) and does it all very well.

The M283fdw prints texts quite crisply, with almost negligible pixelation, but if you’re going for smaller fonts (below 10 points), you may notice some lightness.

HP Laserjet Pro M15w (Image credit: HP)

9. HP Laserjet Pro M15w

Compact and budget laser printing

Specifications

Category: Mono laser printer

Print speed: 19ppm

Paper sizes: Up to A4

Paper capacity: 100 sheets

Size: 6.3 x 13.7 x 7.4in / 160 x 348 x 188mm

Weight: 18.3lb / 8.3kg

Today’s Best Deals

Reasons to buy

+

Footprint a little larger than a sheet of A4

+

Fast printing at 19ppm

Reasons to avoid

No dual-side printing

Low print resolution

The HP LaserJet Pro M15w is the shoebox size and can print a thousand documents in a snap, all with consistent output. The M15w is more affordable than other printers in its class and is especially effective for those who work from home or in cramped offices due to its smaller size. 

Moreover, once you’ve sped through its straightforward initial setup using HP’s Smart app, this model prints quickly and reliably – albeit with a noticeable lack of definition. There’s no automatic duplex printing, which could increase your paper cost in the long run.

If you’re using the companion app, HP Smart, you’ll find the initial setup fairly easy despite the lack of an LCD display. You can also use HP Smart to scan and print documents wirelessly. 

Read the full review: HP LaserJet Pro M15w

  • Check out our list of the best overall printers

Best HP Printer: Frequently Asked Questions

How to choose the best HP printers for you?

When selecting the best HP printers for yourself, start with assessing where you’ll be using the device— home or office.

You’ll then want to consider what kind of printing you primarily need — is it image oriented or text-heavy? If it’s more of images, then you’ll want to pick an HP printer that prints high-quality images without costing too much.

If you’re going to be doing a lot of printing, then you’ll want a printer that has the output capacity and that comes with plenty of toner and ink. It’s also essential for you to check the price of the printer’s ink cartridge because if it’s too expensive, you’ll end up spending a lot on printing in the long run. It’s best to opt for printers with super low ink costs if you’re going to be printing out hundreds of pages every month. 

Other than assessing the print speed and multi functionality, you’ll also want to check the printer’s connectivity options, control panel usability, and Wi-Fi functionality. 

The best HP printers: How we test

All the printers we source for testing are measured on our test bench, and the results are critically compared with every other model we have reviewed. Instead of relying on manufacturer-given figures, we use a stopwatch app to time the entire process using a standard ten-page document. 

To analyze the print quality, we test the same set of documents across all machines. The test pages include text of varying font sizes and colors, mixed image and text pages, and photos. Then there’s a series of test patterns to assess color fidelity, contrast, and sharpness. 

We also calculate running costs and consider each product’s design and build quality.


Round up of today’s best deals

Recommended Retail…

HP OfficeJet All-in-One 250

$389.99

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HP LaserJet Pro MFP M227fdw

$449.69

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HP DeskJet 3755

$59.99

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HP LaserJet Pro M15w

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Collin is the B2B Hardware Editor for TechRadar Pro. He has been in journalism for years, with experience in small and large markets, including Gearadical, DailyBeast, FutureNet, and more.

Collin is an experienced individual who has an abundance of knowledge when it comes to all things professional hardware. He is the go-to subject matter expert for TechRadar Pro and focuses on standing desks, office chairs, business laptops, “pro” monitors, and other similar topics. With his in-depth understanding of these areas, Collin can provide invaluable insights and advice to readers looking to make informed decisions about their hardware investments.

Staples® Official Online Store

School supplies, made easy

The success of your students starts with the right supplies. Whether you’re a parent or caregiver with one or more kids in school, or a teacher responsible for an entire classroom, Staples is a one-stop shop for all the school supplies you need. From writing supplies and paper to school tech and furniture, we have everything on your back-to-school list.

Shop by grade

Staples makes it easy to get exactly what your students need by organizing all the essentials by grade. Shop for preschool supplies like learning toys and rest mats, or elementary school supplies for everything your kids need from kindergarten through 5th grade. Our selection of middle school supplies includes more advanced items like planners and scientific calculators, and you can find everything you need for high school in our high school supplies section. Getting ready for college? From dorm essentials to laptops, get everything you need from our selection of college supplies.

All the essentials for school

Whether you want to shop by subject or are looking for furniture and supplies for learning at home, we’ve got the right selection. Browse classroom essentials including cleaning supplies, storage, classroom décor, snacks, and teacher supplies. For everything from school art supplies to calculators, binders, school backpacks, lunch boxes and more, we’ve got what your students need to succeed.

Take a seat

Whether you’re working from home or outfitting a space for gaming, your comfort is dependent on finding the best chair. At Staples, we provide a broad range of office chairs and seating, so you can find the right fit for you. Select from multifunctional task chairs, computer & desk chairs, drafting stools and more. If you will be using your new chair for multiple hours a day, make sure to get an ergonomic office chair to prevent unnecessary strain.

Comfort, all day long

Office furniture that is the proper size and height makes a big difference. When shopping for chairs, the height of the seat should be adjustable so that the user’s feet can sit flat on the floor with their knees at right angles. Likewise, the accompanying office desk should be at a height where the users’ elbows can sit comfortably at right angles at their sides while typing or writing. Browse our selection to find the combination that’s right for you. If size if a concern, check out our big & tall chairs which can support up to 500lbs.

Game on

If you’re a gamer, you know that a single gaming session can last all day or night. For the best and most comfortable gaming setup, Staples has gaming chairs in colors and styles for everyone. Make sure to match your new chair to an ergonomic gaming desk, the perfect complement for the high-tech gaming computer and accessories you’ve invested in.

Show seasonal allergies who’s boss

If you suffer from seasonal allergies, now is when they are at their worst. Stock up on allergy season’s most important products to keep your home, classroom, and office allergen-free. Start with an air purifier to strip the air of allergens like pollen and pet dander and replace existing air filters for improved air quality. Frequently dust, wipe down hard surfaces, and vacuum carpets and furniture to help eliminate pollen tracked in from outside and dander left behind by pets. When leaving the house, check the pollen count and bring a face mask to help filter the air you breath outside.

No matter what you do, it’s unlikely that the symptoms of seasonal allergies can be avoided entirely. Make sure to have over-the-counter cold and allergy medications on hand to battle symptoms, and stock up on facial tissues so you’ll always have one available when you need them.

Spring (Cleaning) is in the air

Spring cleaning and decluttering is a tradition meant to refresh our spaces for the year ahead. Staples has everything you need to clear out the clutter, store and organize your belongings, and all the right cleaning supplies.

Clear out the clutter

Start by preparing a checklist and make sure you have all the necessary supplies. Use storage bins and a label maker to make sorting and organizing easier. Prepare extra boxes for donations and trash bags for the things you no longer need. Look for decorative boxes & baskets that will compliment your home’s décor and use them to organize. You can also use closet organizers and storage drawers anywhere they are needed.

Start with the basics

An all-purpose cleaner, cleaning brush and microfiber cloths will clean most surfaces. Use a duster to remove unwanted dirt and furniture polish to revitalize wood surfaces. Upgrade your broom, dustpan, wet mop, and vacuum to make cleaning any type of flooring a breeze.

The nitty gritty

Spring cleaning doesn’t stop there. There’s so much you can do to reset your home:

  • Improve air quality and eliminate pollen and pet dander with a new air purifier and an air freshener with a scent you love.
  • On a sunny day, take the opportunity to clean your windows – you’ll need glass cleaner, a bucket, a squeegee, and paper towels.
  • Have a step stool or ladder on hand to access hard-to-reach places like the tops of cabinets and overhead lighting.
  • Replace broken light bulbs and check the batteries in your smoke detectors.
  • Use drain cleaner to clear up sink and bathtub drains.

Up your printing game with a Supertank Printer

Looking for a printer with more print capacity that’s better for the environment and your wallet? Shop Staples selection of Supertank Printers for all the benefits of an inkjet printer with the convenience and savings of replacement ink bottles that last longer and cost less per page than standard inkjet printer cartridges.

Find a Supertank printer from your favorite top printer brand including:

  • HP Smart Tank & Neverstop Printers
  • Brother INKVestment Tank Printers
  • Canon MegaTank Printers
  • Epson EcoTank Printers

And don’t forget to browse Staples Ink and Toner Finder to find the right replacement ink for your new printer. No matter what printer you have, enter the brand, cartridge or printer model into the easy-to-use Ink and Toner Finder, and browse for compatible ink.

Rest assured it arrives safely & securely

Whether you are sending business documents or customer products, shipping and mailroom supplies from Staples make the process seamless.

Keep packing supplies ready for easy shipping. Padded envelopes and bubble mailers are perfect for shipping small, non-fragile items. Pack larger items in shipping boxes that are slightly larger than the item, and use packing peanuts, bubble roll, or other packing materials to keep objects from moving in the box during transport. Choose the right packing tape to ensure your packages will stay sealed. Staples carries clear acrylic packing tape for everyday shipping and reinforced or water activated tape for packages that require a heavier duty seal.

Manage the day-to-day office correspondence smoothly with a wide selection of business envelopes, inter-office envelopes, and catalog envelopes in the mailroom. Have finger pads and envelope moisteners on hand for speedy document collation and a quick seal. Choose security envelopes for confidential office correspondence and inter-office communications. If your office or organization sends out large mailings, consider a paper folding machine and self-sealing envelopes to increase efficiency.

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Total devices 357

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XEROX PHASER 3100MFP/S

Laser

Monochrome

10,000 pages/month
pages/month

20
ppm

16 436 RUB

HP LaserJet Pro MFP M426m

Laser

Mono

100,000 pages/month
pages/month

40
ppm

HP PageWide Managed P77440dn MFP

Inkjet

Color

150000
pages/month

40
ppm

HP PageWide Managed MFP P77740dn

Thermal Inkjet

Color

150000
pages/month

60
ppm

$119,916

HP PageWide Managed MFP P77740z

Thermal Inkjet

Color

150000
pages/month

40
ppm

HP LaserJet Managed MFP E72535dn

Laser

Mono

300000
pages/month

35
ppm

$110,000

HP Color LaserJet Managed MFP E77825dn Plus

Laser

Color

300000
pages/month

25
ppm

RUB 220,000

HP LaserJet Managed E60065dn

Laser

Monochrome

420000
pages/month

61
ppm

HP Color LaserJet Managed E65050dn

Laser

Color

150000
pages/month

47
ppm

HP LaserJet Managed MFP E62565hs

Laser

Mono

40000
pages/month

61
ppm

$204,424

HP PageWide Managed Color Flow MFP E77660z

Thermal Inkjet

Color

250000
pages/month

80
ppm

HP LaserJet Managed MFP M527dnm

Laser

Monochrome

150000
pages/month

43
ppm

HP LaserJet Managed MFP E42540f

Laser

Mono

120000
pages/month

38
ppm

HP Color LaserJet Managed E55040dw

Laser

Color

120000
pages/month

90 112 RUB

HP LaserJet Managed Flow MFP E82560z_

RUB 330,000

HP LaserJet Managed MFP E52545dn

Laser

Monochrome

23000
pages/month

45
ppm

HP DeskJet IA Ultra 4828 AiO

Inkjet

Color

1000
pages/month

7. 5
ppm

RUB 13,200

HP Smart Tank 790

Inkjet

Color

6000
pages/month

15
ppm

RUB 39,589

HP Smart Tank 750

Inkjet

Color

5000
pages/month

15
ppm

RUB 33,416

HP Smart Tank 670

Inkjet

Color

3000
pages/month

12
ppm

35 844 RUB

Samsung ProXpress SL-M4580FX Laser Multifunction Printer

Laser

Monochrome

Up to 200,000 pages
pages/month

45
ppm

HP LaserJet M211dw

Laser

Mono

20,000
pages/month

29
ppm

19 153 RUB

HP Color LaserJet Flow MFP M880z+

Laser

Color

200,000
pages/month

22
ppm

HP Neverstop Laser 1200n MFP

Laser

Mono

20,000
pages/month

20
ppm

41,184 RUB

HP DeskJet Plus 4120

Inkjet

Color

1000
pages/month

8. 5
ppm

HP DeskJet Plus Ink Advantage 6075

Jet

Color

1000
pages/month

10
ppm

HP DeskJet Plus Ink Advantage 6475

Inkjet

Color

1000
pages/month

10
ppm

HP DeskJet 2320

Inkjet

Color

1000
pages/month

7.5
ppm

9 750 rub

HP LaserJet Enterprise MFP M636fh

Laser

Mono

300,000
pages/month

71
ppm

HP Accessory – LaserJet Stapler/Stacker – M806/M830 MFP series

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12
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Experts to choose a good choice of products How to choose a printer with a good photo tutor and what’s up Canon Pixma G540 Gadgets for a student: choose brown helpers.

Mieloide cronica leucemia: ¿Qué es la leucemia mieloide crónica?

Опубликовано: August 31, 2023 в 9:06 am

Автор:

Категории: Miscellaneous

¿Qué es la leucemia mieloide crónica?

El cáncer se origina cuando las células en el cuerpo comienzan a crecer en forma descontrolada. Casi cualquier célula del cuerpo puede convertirse en cáncer y propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo. Si desea más información sobre el origen y la propagación de los cánceres, consulte ¿Qué es el cáncer?

La leucemia mieloide crónica (CML) también se conoce como o leucemia mielógena crónica. Esta leucemia es un tipo de cáncer que se origina en determinadas células productoras de sangre de la médula ósea.

En la CML, se produce un cambio genético en una versión temprana (inmadura) de células mieloides (las células que producen glóbulos rojos, plaquetas, y la mayoría de los tipos de glóbulos blancos (excepto linfocitos). Este cambio forma un gen anormal llamado BCR- ABL, que convierte la célula en una célula CML. Las células leucémicas crecen y se dividen, se acumulan en la médula ósea y se extienden a la sangre. Durante este tiempo, las células también pueden invadir otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el bazo. La CML es una leucemia cuyo crecimiento es relativamente lento, pero puede transformarse en una leucemia aguda de crecimiento rápido que es difícil de tratar.

La CML ocurre principalmente en adultos, aunque rara vez ocurre en niños también. En general, los niños reciben el mismo tratamiento que los adultos.

¿Qué es leucemia?

La leucemia es un cáncer que se origina en las células productoras de sangre de la médula ósea. Cuando una de estas células cambia y se convierte en una célula de leucemia, ya no madura de la manera que debería. A menudo, se divide para formar nuevas células más rápido de lo normal. Además, las células leucémicas no mueren cuando deberían hacerlo, sino que se acumulan en la médula ósea y desplazan a las células normales. En algún momento, las células de leucemia salen de la médula ósea y entran al torrente sanguíneo, causando a menudo un aumento en el número de glóbulos blancos en la sangre. Una vez en la sangre, las células leucémicas pueden propagarse a otros órganos, en donde pueden evitar el funcionamiento adecuado de otras células corporales.

La leucemia es diferente a otros tipos de cáncer que comienzan en órganos, como los pulmones, el colon o el seno, y que luego se propagan a la médula ósea. Los tipos de cáncer que comienzan en otra parte del cuerpo y que luego se propagan a la médula ósea no son leucemias.

No todas las leucemias son iguales. Cuando los médicos saben el tipo de leucemia específico que padece el paciente, pueden hacer un mejor pronóstico (tener una mejor perspectiva) y planear el mejor tratamiento.

¿Qué es una leucemia crónica?

Si la leucemia es aguda o crónica depende de si la mayor parte de las células anormales son inmaduras (y se parecen más a las células madre) o maduras (y se parecen más a los glóbulos blancos normales).

En la leucemia crónica, las células maduran parcialmente. Estas células no son normales, aunque parezcan ser bastante normales. Por lo general, no combaten las infecciones tan bien como los glóbulos blancos normales. Las células leucémicas también viven más tiempo que las células normales, se acumulan y sobrepasan en número a las células normales en la médula ósea. Con las leucemias crónicas puede que pase mucho tiempo antes de que causen problemas, y la mayoría de las personas puede vivir por muchos años. Sin embargo, las leucemias crónicas son generalmente más difíciles de curar que las leucemias agudas.

¿Qué es la leucemia mieloide?

Si la leucemia es mieloide o linfocítica depende de cuáles células de médula ósea se origina el cáncer.

  • Las leucemias mieloides (también conocidas como leucemias mielocíticas, mielógenas o no linfocíticas) se originan en células mieloides jóvenes (las células que se convierten en glóbulos blancos [que no sean linfocitos], glóbulos rojos o células productoras de plaquetas [megacariocitos]).
  • Las leucemias linfocíticas (también conocida como leucemias linfoides o linfoblásticas) se originan en las células que se vuelven linfocitos.

¿Cuáles son los otros tipos de leucemia?

Los cuatro tipos principales de leucemia se basan en si son agudas o crónicas, y si son mieloides o linfocíticas:

  • Leucemia mieloide (o mielógena) aguda (AML)
  • Leucemia mieloide (o mielógena) crónica (CML)
  • Leucemia linfocítica (o linfoblástica) aguda (ALL)
  • Leucemia linfocítica crónica (CLL)

En las leucemias agudas, las células de la médula ósea no pueden madurar apropiadamente. Estas células inmaduras continúan reproduciéndose y acumulándose. Sin tratamiento, la mayoría de las personas con leucemia aguda viviría sólo unos meses. Algunos tipos de leucemia aguda responden bien al tratamiento, y muchos pacientes se pueden curar. Otros tipos de leucemia aguda tienen un pronóstico menos favorable.

Las leucemias linfocíticas comienzan en las células que se convierten en linfocitos. Los linfomas también son cánceres que se originan en esas células. La diferencia principal entre las leucemias linfocíticas y los linfomas es que en la leucemia, la célula cancerosa se encuentra principalmente en la sangre y la médula ósea, mientras que el linfoma tiende a estar en los ganglios linfáticos y en otros tejidos.

La leucemia mielomonocítica crónica (CMML) es otra leucemia crónica que comienza en las células mieloides.

Leucemia mielógena crónica (LMC): MedlinePlus enciclopedia médica

Es un cáncer que comienza dentro de la médula ósea. Este es el tejido blando en el interior de los huesos que ayuda a formar todas las células sanguíneas.

La LMC ocasiona un crecimiento incontrolable de células inmaduras y maduras que forman un cierto tipo de glóbulos blancos llamados células mieloides. Las células enfermas se acumulan en la médula ósea y en la sangre.

La causa de la LMC está relacionada con una anomalía cromosómica llamada cromosoma Filadelfia.  

La exposición a la radiación puede aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar LMC. Esto puede ser por tratamientos de radioterapia utilizados en el pasado para tratar el cáncer de tiroides o el linfoma de Hodgkin, o por un desastre nuclear.

Lleva muchos años antes de que se presente leucemia por exposición a la radiación. La mayoría de las personas a quienes se les trata un cáncer con radiación no contraen leucemia. La mayoría de las personas con LMC no han estado expuestos a la radiación.

La LMC se presenta más comúnmente en adultos de mediana edad y en niños.

La leucemia mielógena crónica se agrupa en varias fases.

  • Crónica
  • Acelerada
  • Crisis hemoblástica

La fase crónica puede durar meses o años y la enfermedad se puede presentar con pocos síntomas o ser asintomática durante este tiempo. La mayoría de las personas reciben el diagnóstico durante esta etapa, cuando les hacen exámenes de sangre por otras razones.

La fase acelerada es una fase más peligrosa. Las células de la leucemia se multiplican con mayor rapidez. Los síntomas frecuentes abarcan fiebre (aunque no haya infección), dolor óseo y una inflamación del bazo.

Sin tratamiento, la LMC progresa a una fase de crisis hemoblástica. Se puede presentar sangrado e infección debido a la insuficiencia de la médula ósea.

Entre otros posibles síntomas de crisis hemoblástica están:

  • Hematomas
  • Sudoración excesiva (sudores nocturnos)
  • Fatiga
  • Fiebre
  • Presión bajo las costillas izquierdas inferiores a causa de la inflamación del bazo
  • Erupción: pequeñas marcas puntiformes y rojas en la piel (petequias)
  • Debilidad

Un examen físico a menudo revela una inflamación del bazo. Un hemograma o conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) muestra un incremento de la cantidad de glóbulos blancos con presencia de muchas formas inmaduras y con un aumento en la cantidad de plaquetas. Estas son partes de la sangre que ayudan en la coagulación.

Otros exámenes que se pueden realizar incluyen:

  • Biopsia por aspirado medular
  • Análisis de sangre y de médula ósea para detectar la presencia del cromosoma Filadelfia
  • Conteo de plaquetas

El primer tratamiento para la LMC son generalmente los medicamentos que apuntan a la proteína anormal formada por el cromosoma Filadelfia. Estos medicamentos se pueden tomar en pastillas. Las personas que son tratadas con estos medicamentos, con frecuencia entran a remisión rápidamente y pueden permanecer así por muchos años.

Algunas veces, se utiliza primero la quimioterapia para reducir el conteo de glóbulos blancos si está muy alto en el momento del diagnóstico. 

La fase de crisis hemoblástica es muy difícil de tratar, debido a que hay un conteo muy alto de glóbulos blancos inmaduros (células leucémicas) que son resistentes al tratamiento.

La única cura conocida para la leucemia mielógena crónica es un trasplante de médula ósea o un trasplante de células madre. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas no necesitan trasplante porque los medicamentos que atacan la enfermedad son eficaces. Analice las opciones con su oncólogo.

El estrés causado por la enfermedad se puede aliviar uniéndose a un grupo de apoyo para el cáncer. El hecho de compartir con otras personas que tengan experiencias y problemas en común puede ayudarle a no sentirse solo.

El hecho de tomar los medicamentos dirigidos a la enfermedad ha mejorado enormemente el pronóstico para las personas con LMC. La mayoría de las personas pueden permanecer en remisión, evaluada típicamente mediante análisis de sangre, durante muchos años mientras toman este medicamento.

El trasplante de células madre o de médula ósea generalmente se considera en personas cuya enfermedad reaparece o empeora mientras está tomando los medicamentos iniciales. El trasplante también puede recomendarse a quienes se les ha diagnosticado en una etapa acelerada o en crisis hemoblástica.

La crisis hemoblástica puede llevar a que se presenten complicaciones, incluyendo infección, sangrado, fatiga, fiebre inexplicable y problemas renales. La quimioterapia puede tener efectos secundarios serios, dependiendo de los fármacos utilizados.

Evite la exposición a la radiación cuando sea posible.

LMC; Leucemia mieloide crónica; LGC; Leucemia granulocítica crónica; Leucemia – crónica granulocítica

  • Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea
  • Aspiración de médula ósea
  • Vista microscópica – leucemia mielocítica crónica
  • Leucemia mielocítica crónica
  • Leucemia mielocítica crónica

Kantarjian H, Cortes J. Chronic myeloid leukemia. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 98.

National Cancer Institute website. Chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment (PDQ) health professional version. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/cml-treatment-pdq. Updated January 21, 2022. Accessed June 7, 2022.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network website. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: (NCCN guidelines).Chronic myeloid leukemia. Version 1.2023. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cml.pdf. Updated August 5, 2022. Accessed August 10. 2022.

Radich J. Chronic myeloid leukemia. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 175.

Versión en inglés revisada por: Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Traducción y localización realizada por: DrTango, Inc.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children and adolescents

What is chronic myeloid leukemia?

Like all leukemias, chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant disease of the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia occurs when the bone marrow produces too many tumor cells to replace healthy blood cells. Without enough healthy cells, the body cannot fight infections, and blood functions are impaired.

CML is a chronic form of leukemia. This means that it develops slowly over time. Therefore, it may take weeks or months for symptoms to appear. In acute forms of leukemia, the symptoms, on the contrary, develop rapidly, and the child quickly falls ill.

CML is very rare in children. Only 110-120 cases are registered annually in the US and Canada. This represents about 3% of childhood cancers.

Approximately 90-95% of children with CML have a genetic mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first-line therapies targeting this oncogenic mechanism of CML.

Each person normally has 23 pairs of chromosomes. They carry all the genetic information (genes) that make up a person. A mutation (error) in the genes can cause the development of a disease such as cancer.

A mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome occurs when part of chromosome 9and part of chromosome 22 break off and switch places. Where the piece of chromosome 9 attaches to chromosome 22, the bcr-abl gene is formed. It controls the synthesis of the enzyme tyrosine kinase. This causes too many blood-forming stem cells to turn into white blood cells (granulocytes or blasts). Drugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are designed to stop the enzyme from working and are the first line of treatment for CML.

The Philadelphia chromosome is not inherited from parent to child. Mutation occurs randomly and sporadically.

Signs and symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia

CML is a chronic disease, i.e. it develops slowly, unlike acute leukemia, in which symptoms come on quickly. At first, children with CML may have no symptoms. Common symptoms:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Weight loss
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Pain or fullness under the chest
  • Pain in bones and joints

Diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia

Blood and bone marrow tests suggest the diagnosis of CML. Further tests will help confirm the diagnosis, determine the genetic basis of the disease and the extent to which it has spread to other parts of the body.

Tests for the diagnosis of CML:

  • Medical examination and medical history
  • Blood test
  • Bone marrow examinations
  • Examination of bone marrow cells is carried out to study chromosomal and gene changes
  1. The doctor will first examine and review the patient’s medical history. During a medical examination, the doctor checks general health indicators, including signs of disease – lumps or anything that seems unusual. A thorough examination of the eyes, mouth, skin and ears is carried out. A study of the state of the central nervous system can be performed. When palpation of the patient’s abdominal cavity, the doctor checks whether the spleen or liver is enlarged.

  2. CBC

    The patient will be given a blood test called a CBC. At the same time, a blood sample is taken and its characteristics are examined:

    • The number of red blood cells and platelets
    • Number and type of leukocytes (white blood cells)
    • The amount of hemoglobin in erythrocytes
    • Proportion of erythrocytes in a blood sample

    In leukemia, the blood may contain too many white blood cells, most of which will be blasts, the early precursors of blood cells. In healthy children, such cells are found only in the bone marrow.

    Biochemical blood test

    A blood sample measures the amount of certain substances released into the blood by organs and tissues of the body. Deviation from the norm (up or down) can be a sign of a disease.

    Suspicion of leukemia may arise after a physical examination, examination of the medical history and evaluation of the results of a blood test.

  3. To confirm the diagnosis of cancer and determine the exact type of cancer, tests such as puncture and biopsy of the bone marrow are performed. For many children, this procedure is performed in a dream (under anesthesia). If the patient is awake during the procedure, they are given an appropriate pain medication.

    Bone marrow aspiration: Doctors will take a sample of bone marrow from the pelvic bone using a thin cannula. A pathologist will examine the bone marrow under a microscope to look for signs of cancer.

    Bone marrow biopsy: Doctors will remove a small piece of bone to see if the cancer has spread to the bone marrow. Usually, a biopsy is performed immediately before or immediately after the puncture.

    How is a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy performed?

    • The patient lies on his side on the bed or, more rarely, sits with his legs bent and crossed.
    • The doctor palpates the patient’s lower back to find the correct point to perform the procedure.
    • Then he will put on gloves and clean the skin on the patient’s back with antibacterial soap. After that, the doctor or nurse can cover the back with special towels, leaving only a small area of ​​skin exposed.
    • If the patient is conscious during the procedure, an anesthetic cream will be applied to the site of the bone marrow aspirate or biopsy approximately one hour before the procedure. A liquid anesthetic may be injected into the procedure site.
    • The doctor will then insert the needle into the bone marrow. In the case of both puncture and biopsy, a separate needle is used for each procedure.
    • The doctor will remove the needle, clean the insertion site with alcohol, and apply a bandage.

    Bone marrow testing is required to diagnose leukemia.

After the diagnosis is confirmed, doctors will perform additional tests to determine the exact type of leukemia. For this, the following studies are used:

  1. Immunophenotyping is used to diagnose certain types of leukemia – comparing tumor cells with normal cells of the immune system.

    These tests are immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

    • Immunohistochemistry is an antibody test to detect specific proteins in a tissue sample. Complexes of proteins and antibodies stain brown or red and can be seen under a microscope.
    • When performing flow cytometry, cells are stained with a photosensitive dye, placed in a liquid, and flowed in front of a laser or other light beam. The study measures the number of cells, the percentage of living cells, and some of their characteristics, such as size, shape, and the presence of tumor markers on the cell surface.
  2. Cytogenetic analysis includes laboratory tests by which morphologists study certain changes in chromosomes.

    One such study is FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis. This analysis looks at genes or chromosomes in cells and tissues. DNA fragments containing a fluorescent dye are made in a laboratory and added to cells or tissues on a glass slide. When these DNA fragments are attached to certain genes or regions of chromosomes on a glass slide, they become distinguishable.

  3. Your doctor may recommend laboratory tests to look for specific genes, proteins, and other factors that play a role in the development of leukemia. These tests are important because cancers are caused by errors (mutations) in the cell’s genes. Identification of these errors helps to accurately determine the subtype of leukemia. Based on this, doctors will select an individual treatment plan for each patient. If the mutation is associated with a favorable prognosis, the child is given a less toxic treatment. Conversely, doctors may prescribe more intensive treatment for patients with leukemia in the presence of mutations associated with less favorable outcomes. Mutations can be found for which there is a targeted treatment that specifically targets that mutation.

To determine the spread of a tumor, use the following tests:

  1. A lumbar puncture is performed to take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from the spine to determine the extent to which the cancer has spread to the central nervous system. This procedure is also called LP or lumbar puncture.

    A needle is placed between two vertebrae, injected into the fluid in the area of ​​the spinal cord, and a sample is taken. When the sample is examined under a microscope, it is revealed whether there are signs of spread of malignant cells to the brain and spinal cord. The body is constantly producing cerebrospinal fluid and will quickly replace the small amount withdrawn during the procedure.

  2. X-rays are a type of beam of energy that can pass through the body and, when it hits film, create an image of areas inside the body on a computer screen or special film. A chest x-ray is done to determine if there is a mass in the chest.

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

Treatment depends on the phase of the disease. CML has 3 phases. The phase depends on the number of leukemic (blast) cells in the blood and bone marrow.

Chronic phase: less than 10% blasts.

Acceleration phase: 10–19% of blast cells.

Blast crisis phase : 20% or more blast cells. When fatigue and fever appear during the blast phase, the spleen increases in size, this is called a blast crisis.

Targeted therapy

Imatinib (Gleevec®) is usually the first-line treatment for CML. It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is designed to stop the action of the tyrosine kinase enzyme, which causes uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. If patients cannot tolerate imatinib, other TKIs such as dasatinib and nilotinib are used.

Imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are often prescribed as first-line therapies because these drugs usually have few or no serious side effects. However, since TKIs do not provide a complete cure for CML in most cases, patients can potentially take them for the rest of their lives. TKIs are relatively new drugs, and doctors do not yet know what side effects can occur from taking them for several decades.

More about targeted therapy

Hematopoietic cell transplantation

Another treatment option for CML is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (also called bone marrow or stem cell transplantation). Transplantation can cure CML, but it can cause serious side effects. In allogeneic transplantation, children receive hematopoietic cells (blood cell precursor cells) from a healthy donor. For transplantation, it is necessary to find a suitable donor. Before receiving donor cells, it is necessary to destroy the patient’s own blood cells in the bone marrow, for which chemotherapy and, in some cases, radiation are used. During transplantation, healthy donor cells are injected into the patient intravenously. If successful, these new donor cells will grow and replace the patient’s cells. As a result, the patient should begin to produce healthy blood cells.

Chronic myeloid leukemia prognosis

When discussing cancer survival statistics, doctors often use a number called 5-year survival, referring to the proportion of patients who live at least 5 years after a cancer diagnosis. For chronic leukemias, the 5-year survival rate is less useful because children can live with leukemia for a long time without actually being cured. The five-year survival rate for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children is 80–90%.

Purpose of current research in chronic myeloid leukemia

  • The use of TKI alone does not usually lead to eradication (destruction) of CML cells. The disease can potentially be cured by bone marrow transplantation, but life-long and potentially life-threatening complications are possible. Research is underway on the topic: is it possible to eradicate CML cells by other methods?
  • Long-term use of TKIs in children is associated with several side effects, including effects on growth, development and fertility.

Research is ongoing to see if it is possible to intervene early in the course of treatment to reduce these complications.

  • Treatment outlook (prognosis) based on experience with adult patients. Now researchers are developing and implementing a system for assessing the prognosis in children.
  • There are children who are in remission for a long time. Research is underway on whether it is possible to stop taking or change the dosage of TKIs?
  • Which patients would be best to stop taking the drug? Is it possible to reduce the dose of the drug?
  • The natural course of CML in children receiving long-term TKIs has not been established. Research is underway on the topic: is it possible to create a children’s registry of patients with CML to follow such patients throughout their lives?

Current treatments for CML in children are based on experience with adults. However, in the past few years, especially with the advent of TKIs, there has been growing concern that childhood chronic myeloid leukemia has many unique features that need to be considered and investigated separately.

This concept is supported by several genomic differences between pediatric and adult patients, some of which are related to response to therapy. Further investigation of these findings and evaluation of their impact on the course of the disease is of great importance for the management of children with CML. For example, the detection of genetic changes that can be targeted with targeted drugs in parallel with the use of TKIs, which is currently impossible without bone marrow transplantation.

Existing predictive scales to predict outcome do not take into account the characteristics of children. A systematic study of a large number of children with CML treated with TKIs may provide information to improve treatment.

It is still not known why the subset of children with CML treated with TKIs develop side effects. It is likely that these responses are mediated by the organism’s genetic factors. Examining possible host factors associated with TKI toxicity may help identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit from alternative treatments such as bone marrow transplantation.

Another area of ​​clinical trials is interventions to reduce long-term side effects, such as the use of growth hormone in children with TKI-induced short stature. Given the long life expectancy of children and the relatively short period of about 15 years during which TKIs have been used, there is still uncertainty about potential side effects in patients exposed to TKIs for a long time. Therefore, careful observation of these children is another area of ​​research. Indications for bone marrow transplantation is an area of ​​research comparing the benefits and toxicity of a transplant against the benefits of disease control and acute and long-term complications associated with TKIs.

Finally, in approximately 40% of patients who remained in molecular remission for several years, TKI discontinuation was associated with a relapse-free condition. It is also an area of ​​research to try to identify patients for whom TKIs can be safely discontinued.


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online resource is not an endorsement of any of the branded products mentioned in this article.


Modified June 2018

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children and adolescents

What is chronic myeloid leukemia?

Like all leukemias, chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant disease of the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia occurs when the bone marrow produces too many tumor cells to replace healthy blood cells. Without enough healthy cells, the body cannot fight infections, and blood functions are impaired.

CML is a chronic form of leukemia. This means that it develops slowly over time. Therefore, it may take weeks or months for symptoms to appear. In acute forms of leukemia, the symptoms, on the contrary, develop rapidly, and the child quickly falls ill.

CML is very rare in children. Only 110-120 cases are registered annually in the US and Canada. This represents about 3% of childhood cancers.

Approximately 90-95% of children with CML have a genetic mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first-line therapies targeting this oncogenic mechanism of CML.

Each person normally has 23 pairs of chromosomes. They carry all the genetic information (genes) that make up a person. A mutation (error) in the genes can cause the development of a disease such as cancer.

A mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome occurs when part of chromosome 9and part of chromosome 22 break off and switch places. Where the piece of chromosome 9 attaches to chromosome 22, the bcr-abl gene is formed. It controls the synthesis of the enzyme tyrosine kinase. This causes too many blood-forming stem cells to turn into white blood cells (granulocytes or blasts). Drugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are designed to stop the enzyme from working and are the first line of treatment for CML.

The Philadelphia chromosome is not inherited from parent to child. Mutation occurs randomly and sporadically.

Signs and symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia

CML is a chronic disease, i.e. it develops slowly, unlike acute leukemia, in which symptoms come on quickly. At first, children with CML may have no symptoms. Common symptoms:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Weight loss
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Pain or fullness under the chest
  • Pain in bones and joints

Diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia

Blood and bone marrow tests suggest the diagnosis of CML. Further tests will help confirm the diagnosis, determine the genetic basis of the disease and the extent to which it has spread to other parts of the body.

Tests for the diagnosis of CML:

  • Medical examination and medical history
  • Blood test
  • Bone marrow examinations
  • Examination of bone marrow cells is carried out to study chromosomal and gene changes
  1. The doctor will first examine and review the patient’s medical history. During a medical examination, the doctor checks general health indicators, including signs of disease – lumps or anything that seems unusual. A thorough examination of the eyes, mouth, skin and ears is carried out. A study of the state of the central nervous system can be performed. When palpation of the patient’s abdominal cavity, the doctor checks whether the spleen or liver is enlarged.

  2. CBC

    The patient will be given a blood test called a CBC. At the same time, a blood sample is taken and its characteristics are examined:

    • The number of red blood cells and platelets
    • Number and type of leukocytes (white blood cells)
    • The amount of hemoglobin in erythrocytes
    • Proportion of erythrocytes in a blood sample

    In leukemia, the blood may contain too many white blood cells, most of which will be blasts, the early precursors of blood cells. In healthy children, such cells are found only in the bone marrow.

    Biochemical blood test

    A blood sample measures the amount of certain substances released into the blood by organs and tissues of the body. Deviation from the norm (up or down) can be a sign of a disease.

    Suspicion of leukemia may arise after a physical examination, examination of the medical history and evaluation of the results of a blood test.

  3. To confirm the diagnosis of cancer and determine the exact type of cancer, tests such as puncture and biopsy of the bone marrow are performed. For many children, this procedure is performed in a dream (under anesthesia). If the patient is awake during the procedure, they are given an appropriate pain medication.

    Bone marrow aspiration: Doctors will take a sample of bone marrow from the pelvic bone using a thin cannula. A pathologist will examine the bone marrow under a microscope to look for signs of cancer.

    Bone marrow biopsy: Doctors will remove a small piece of bone to see if the cancer has spread to the bone marrow. Usually, a biopsy is performed immediately before or immediately after the puncture.

    How is a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy performed?

    • The patient lies on his side on the bed or, more rarely, sits with his legs bent and crossed.
    • The doctor palpates the patient’s lower back to find the correct point to perform the procedure.
    • Then he will put on gloves and clean the skin on the patient’s back with antibacterial soap. After that, the doctor or nurse can cover the back with special towels, leaving only a small area of ​​skin exposed.
    • If the patient is conscious during the procedure, an anesthetic cream will be applied to the site of the bone marrow aspirate or biopsy approximately one hour before the procedure. A liquid anesthetic may be injected into the procedure site.
    • The doctor will then insert the needle into the bone marrow. In the case of both puncture and biopsy, a separate needle is used for each procedure.
    • The doctor will remove the needle, clean the insertion site with alcohol, and apply a bandage.

    Bone marrow testing is required to diagnose leukemia.

After the diagnosis is confirmed, doctors will perform additional tests to determine the exact type of leukemia. For this, the following studies are used:

  1. Immunophenotyping is used to diagnose certain types of leukemia – comparing tumor cells with normal cells of the immune system.

    These tests are immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

    • Immunohistochemistry is an antibody test to detect specific proteins in a tissue sample. Complexes of proteins and antibodies stain brown or red and can be seen under a microscope.
    • When performing flow cytometry, cells are stained with a photosensitive dye, placed in a liquid, and flowed in front of a laser or other light beam. The study measures the number of cells, the percentage of living cells, and some of their characteristics, such as size, shape, and the presence of tumor markers on the cell surface.
  2. Cytogenetic analysis includes laboratory tests by which morphologists study certain changes in chromosomes.

    One such study is FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis. This analysis looks at genes or chromosomes in cells and tissues. DNA fragments containing a fluorescent dye are made in a laboratory and added to cells or tissues on a glass slide. When these DNA fragments are attached to certain genes or regions of chromosomes on a glass slide, they become distinguishable.

  3. Your doctor may recommend laboratory tests to look for specific genes, proteins, and other factors that play a role in the development of leukemia. These tests are important because cancers are caused by errors (mutations) in the cell’s genes. Identification of these errors helps to accurately determine the subtype of leukemia. Based on this, doctors will select an individual treatment plan for each patient. If the mutation is associated with a favorable prognosis, the child is given a less toxic treatment. Conversely, doctors may prescribe more intensive treatment for patients with leukemia in the presence of mutations associated with less favorable outcomes. Mutations can be found for which there is a targeted treatment that specifically targets that mutation.

To determine the spread of a tumor, use the following tests:

  1. A lumbar puncture is performed to take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from the spine to determine the extent to which the cancer has spread to the central nervous system. This procedure is also called LP or lumbar puncture.

    A needle is placed between two vertebrae, injected into the fluid in the area of ​​the spinal cord, and a sample is taken. When the sample is examined under a microscope, it is revealed whether there are signs of spread of malignant cells to the brain and spinal cord. The body is constantly producing cerebrospinal fluid and will quickly replace the small amount withdrawn during the procedure.

  2. X-rays are a type of beam of energy that can pass through the body and, when it hits film, create an image of areas inside the body on a computer screen or special film. A chest x-ray is done to determine if there is a mass in the chest.

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

Treatment depends on the phase of the disease. CML has 3 phases. The phase depends on the number of leukemic (blast) cells in the blood and bone marrow.

Chronic phase: less than 10% blasts.

Acceleration phase: 10–19% of blast cells.

Blast crisis phase : 20% or more blast cells. When fatigue and fever appear during the blast phase, the spleen increases in size, this is called a blast crisis.

Targeted therapy

Imatinib (Gleevec®) is usually the first-line treatment for CML. It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is designed to stop the action of the tyrosine kinase enzyme, which causes uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. If patients cannot tolerate imatinib, other TKIs such as dasatinib and nilotinib are used.

Imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are often prescribed as first-line therapies because these drugs usually have few or no serious side effects. However, since TKIs do not provide a complete cure for CML in most cases, patients can potentially take them for the rest of their lives. TKIs are relatively new drugs, and doctors do not yet know what side effects can occur from taking them for several decades.

More about targeted therapy

Hematopoietic cell transplantation

Another treatment option for CML is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (also called bone marrow or stem cell transplantation). Transplantation can cure CML, but it can cause serious side effects. In allogeneic transplantation, children receive hematopoietic cells (blood cell precursor cells) from a healthy donor. For transplantation, it is necessary to find a suitable donor. Before receiving donor cells, it is necessary to destroy the patient’s own blood cells in the bone marrow, for which chemotherapy and, in some cases, radiation are used. During transplantation, healthy donor cells are injected into the patient intravenously. If successful, these new donor cells will grow and replace the patient’s cells. As a result, the patient should begin to produce healthy blood cells.

Chronic myeloid leukemia prognosis

When discussing cancer survival statistics, doctors often use a number called 5-year survival, referring to the proportion of patients who live at least 5 years after a cancer diagnosis. For chronic leukemias, the 5-year survival rate is less useful because children can live with leukemia for a long time without actually being cured. The five-year survival rate for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children is 80–90%.

Purpose of current research in chronic myeloid leukemia

  • The use of TKI alone does not usually lead to eradication (destruction) of CML cells. The disease can potentially be cured by bone marrow transplantation, but life-long and potentially life-threatening complications are possible. Research is underway on the topic: is it possible to eradicate CML cells by other methods?
  • Long-term use of TKIs in children is associated with several side effects, including effects on growth, development and fertility.

Research is ongoing to see if it is possible to intervene early in the course of treatment to reduce these complications.

  • Treatment outlook (prognosis) based on experience with adult patients. Now researchers are developing and implementing a system for assessing the prognosis in children.
  • There are children who are in remission for a long time. Research is underway on whether it is possible to stop taking or change the dosage of TKIs?
  • Which patients would be best to stop taking the drug? Is it possible to reduce the dose of the drug?
  • The natural course of CML in children receiving long-term TKIs has not been established. Research is underway on the topic: is it possible to create a children’s registry of patients with CML to follow such patients throughout their lives?

Current treatments for CML in children are based on experience with adults. However, in the past few years, especially with the advent of TKIs, there has been growing concern that childhood chronic myeloid leukemia has many unique features that need to be considered and investigated separately.

This concept is supported by several genomic differences between pediatric and adult patients, some of which are related to response to therapy. Further investigation of these findings and evaluation of their impact on the course of the disease is of great importance for the management of children with CML. For example, the detection of genetic changes that can be targeted with targeted drugs in parallel with the use of TKIs, which is currently impossible without bone marrow transplantation.

Existing predictive scales to predict outcome do not take into account the characteristics of children. A systematic study of a large number of children with CML treated with TKIs may provide information to improve treatment.

It is still not known why the subset of children with CML treated with TKIs develop side effects. It is likely that these responses are mediated by the organism’s genetic factors. Examining possible host factors associated with TKI toxicity may help identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit from alternative treatments such as bone marrow transplantation.

Another area of ​​clinical trials is interventions to reduce long-term side effects, such as the use of growth hormone in children with TKI-induced short stature. Given the long life expectancy of children and the relatively short period of about 15 years during which TKIs have been used, there is still uncertainty about potential side effects in patients exposed to TKIs for a long time.

36 tv stand: Wayfair.com – Online Home Store for Furniture, Decor, Outdoors & More

Опубликовано: August 31, 2023 в 9:02 am

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Категории: Miscellaneous

Country Mission 36″ TV Stand from DutchCrafters Amish Furniture

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(Product ID:12121)



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Country Collection


“Go big or go home” does not apply to our Amish Country Mission 36″ TV Stand. This quaint, mission-style piece makes a statement with its petite frame and quality construction. 

Along with a solid top to rest your TV, this stand includes two doors with glass panels. Behind the doors sits an adjustable shelf. 

Available in oak, cherry, or brown maple, additional custom options for this piece include your choice of hardware and finish. 

 



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TV Stand Dimensions:
Width: 36″
Depth: 18″
Height: 24″

Wood:
Oak Wood (Standard)
Cherry Wood
Brown Maple Wood

Standard Features:
One Adjustable Shelf Behind Doors
Concealed Knife Hinges
American Made Solid Wood Construction

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Shown in Oak Wood with an Harvest Stain



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Quality takes time. This product is expected to be delivered in 26 to 28 weeks.
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  • Stand TV “Rauna” 200 colonial

    Moscow, m. VDNKh, st. Yaroslavskaya, 8, building 4 BC Avantage

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      TV stands

    • Colour/finish

      Colonial

    • Room

      Living room, Dacha

    • Manufacturer

      Minsk Furniture Center

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      Rauna

    • Material detail

      Solid pine

    • Material(s)

      Solid pine

    • Country

      Belarus

    • Style

      Scandinavian

    • Warranty

      12 months from date of purchase

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      47

    • Dimensions (length/depth/height), mm

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      0. 14

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